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学者姓名：唐定中
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本发明涉及水稻抗病育种技术领域，具体涉及为一种水稻抗稻瘟病相关基因OsCBSX4及其应用；OsCBSX4基因的CDS为693bp，编码一种由231个氨基酸组成的胱硫醚β合成酶；本发明首次发现并证明OsCBSX4正调控水稻对稻瘟病的抗性，通过CRISPR/Cas9方法敲除OsCBSX4基因会降低水稻对稻瘟病的抗性，而提高OsCBSX4的表达水平则可以显著增强水稻对稻瘟病的抵抗能力，本发明可应用于提高水稻等相关农业作物抗性及产量的遗传改良。
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| GB/T 7714 | 李生平 , 唐定中 , 陈立喆 et al. 一种水稻抗稻瘟病相关基因OsCBSX4及其应用 : CN202410515878.2[P]. | 2024-04-26 . |
| MLA | 李生平 et al. "一种水稻抗稻瘟病相关基因OsCBSX4及其应用" : CN202410515878.2. | 2024-04-26 . |
| APA | 李生平 , 唐定中 , 陈立喆 , 刁志娟 . 一种水稻抗稻瘟病相关基因OsCBSX4及其应用 : CN202410515878.2. | 2024-04-26 . |
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The polarized actin cable from the Spitzenk & ouml;rper at the hyphal tip fuels filamentous growth in diverse biphasic fungal pathogens. This multicomponent complex, featuring the actin nucleator Bni1 and its associated actin regulator, initiates actin polymerization, guiding biphasic fungal growth and host infection. How dynamic assembly of the Spitzenk & ouml;rper and actin cable is achieved to support filamentous fungi that undergo multistage morphogenesis for host invasion remains unclear. These fungi include Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae), which undergoes a multistage morphological transition during host plant infection. Here, we showed that the M. oryzae scaffolder protein MoSpa2 remodels actin cable networks in space and time by assembling the polarisome complex via phase separation, thereby supporting polarized growth in M. oryzae. Via its N-terminal intrinsically disordered regions, MoSpa2 first stimulates actin cable assembly through multivalent interactions with the MoBni1 nucleator, after which it creates polarized actin cable bundles by association with F-actin and a concurrent inhibition of cofilin-mediated F-actin depolymerization. MoSPA2 mutants exhibit impaired hyphal growth and a reduced ability to infect host plants, underling the significance of this scaffolder. Overall, this work elucidates the fundamental mechanisms underlying fungal morphogenesis, offering the potential for targeted interventions in pathogenesis. Pathogenic fungal Spa2 condenses and activates actin regulators at the hyphal tip within the Spitzenk & ouml;rper, enabling polarized actin cable formation for filamentous growth and plant infection.
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| GB/T 7714 | He, Danxia , Li, Yuanbao , Ma, Qianqian et al. The phase-separating Magnaporthe oryzae MoSpa2 complex organizes actin nucleation centers for plant infection [J]. | PLANT CELL , 2025 , 37 (5) . |
| MLA | He, Danxia et al. "The phase-separating Magnaporthe oryzae MoSpa2 complex organizes actin nucleation centers for plant infection" . | PLANT CELL 37 . 5 (2025) . |
| APA | He, Danxia , Li, Yuanbao , Ma, Qianqian , Han, Libo , Tang, Dingzhong , Miao, Yansong . The phase-separating Magnaporthe oryzae MoSpa2 complex organizes actin nucleation centers for plant infection . | PLANT CELL , 2025 , 37 (5) . |
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YrU1 encodes a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (CNL) immune receptor with additional ankyrin-repeat and WRKY domains, and confers robust resistance against the stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). YrU1 was identified through map-based cloning in Triticum urartu accession PI428309, the progenitor species of the A genome of hexaploid wheat. Despite its established role in conferring Pst resistance, the molecular mechanisms and interacting components involved in YrU1-mediated immunity remain largely undefined. In this study, we identified TuNHL1, a plasma membrane-localized NDR1/HIN1-like (NHL) protein, as a key component required for YrU1-mediated stripe rust resistance. TuNHL1 exhibits self-association and is capable of triggering hypersensitive cell death when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of TuNHL1 using the barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) system in the resistant T. urartu accession PI428309 significantly compromised resistance to the Pst isolate CY33, indicating that TuNHL1 is essential for YrU1-triggered immune responses. Moreover, overexpression of TuNHL1 in both wheat and Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced resistance to powdery mildew following inoculation with their respective pathogens. Taken together, our results revealed important roles of TuNHL1 in YrU1-mediated stripe rust resistance and powdery mildew resistance. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Algae Algae Genes Genes Plant extracts Plant extracts Yeast Yeast
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| GB/T 7714 | Ji, Jiahao , Xu, Yue , Zhang, Xiaohong et al. Tunhl1, an Ndr1/Hin1 Like Gene, is Essential for Yru1-Mediated Stripe Rust Resistance and Enhances Powdery Mildew Resistance in Plants [J]. | SSRN , 2025 . |
| MLA | Ji, Jiahao et al. "Tunhl1, an Ndr1/Hin1 Like Gene, is Essential for Yru1-Mediated Stripe Rust Resistance and Enhances Powdery Mildew Resistance in Plants" . | SSRN (2025) . |
| APA | Ji, Jiahao , Xu, Yue , Zhang, Xiaohong , Li, Yujing , Tang, Dingzhong , Zou, Shenghao . Tunhl1, an Ndr1/Hin1 Like Gene, is Essential for Yru1-Mediated Stripe Rust Resistance and Enhances Powdery Mildew Resistance in Plants . | SSRN , 2025 . |
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Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae poses a severe threat to rice production. To counteract M. oryzae, plants synthesize jasmonate (JA) and lignin, two primary defense-related metabolites, to initiate defense programs. However, the mechanism through which M. oryzae modulates JA- and lignin-mediated plant immunity remains unclear. In this study, a novel M. oryzae effector, MoBys1, was identified as being involved in pathogenesis. Knockout of MoBys1 in M. oryzae significantly reduced its infection ability. Conversely, overexpression of MoBys1 in rice impaired the rice defense response. MoBys1 localizes to the plant cytoplasm and nucleus and interacts with rice cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (OsCAD2), an enzyme that catalyzes lignin biosynthesis. While OsCAD2 mutants exhibited weakened defenses, overexpression lines demonstrated enhanced resistance, highlighting the critical role of OsCAD2 in blast resistance. Furthermore, OsCAD2 functions as a transcription factor regulating a wide range of biological processes, including JA and lignin signaling pathways. The interaction between MoBys1 and OsCAD2 promotes OsCAD2 degradation, leading to reduced lignin and JA accumulation. These findings uncover a novel counter-defense mechanism by which M. oryzae employs the effector MoBys1 to degrade OsCAD2 and suppress host defense-related metabolite accumulation during infection.
Keyword ：
effector effector jasmonate acid jasmonate acid lignin lignin plant defense response plant defense response rice blast rice blast
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Chengyu , Han, Li-Bo , Wen, Yanhong et al. The Magnaporthe oryzae effector MoBys1 suppresses rice immunity by targeting OsCAD2 to manipulate host jasmonate and lignin metabolism [J]. | NEW PHYTOLOGIST , 2025 , 246 (1) : 280-297 . |
| MLA | Liu, Chengyu et al. "The Magnaporthe oryzae effector MoBys1 suppresses rice immunity by targeting OsCAD2 to manipulate host jasmonate and lignin metabolism" . | NEW PHYTOLOGIST 246 . 1 (2025) : 280-297 . |
| APA | Liu, Chengyu , Han, Li-Bo , Wen, Yanhong , Lu, Chuner , Deng, Boqian , Liu, Zixuan et al. The Magnaporthe oryzae effector MoBys1 suppresses rice immunity by targeting OsCAD2 to manipulate host jasmonate and lignin metabolism . | NEW PHYTOLOGIST , 2025 , 246 (1) , 280-297 . |
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Phytopathogens, such as the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, suppress plant immunity for reproduction by secreting effectors into plant cells. The M. oryzae effector AvrPib is known to be recognized by Pib, an intracellular nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR), in rice. However, how AvrPib manipulates blast resistance and its potential targets in rice remains unclear. In this study, we showed that AvrPib interacts with the rice MAP KINASE KINASE KINASE 72 (OsMAPKKK72), a previously uncharacterized Raf-like MAPKKK. The osmapkkk72 mutant shows enhanced susceptibility to the M. oryzae strain Guy11 and reduced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation after treatment with chitin. Furthermore, OsMAPKKK72 interacts with MAP KINASE KINASE 9 (OsMKK9) and increases the interaction between OsMKK9 and OsMPK3/6. Accordingly, OsMKK9 positively regulates rice blast resistance and increases MAPK activation in an OsMAPKKK72-dependent manner following chitin treatment in rice, suggesting that OsMAPKKK72 may serve as a scaffold in the MAPK cascade. AvrPib inhibits the interaction between OsMAPKKK72 and OsMKK9, leading to reduced MAPK activation, which is mediated by OsMKK9. Taken together, our results reveal the critical roles of OsMAPKKK72 in blast resistance and uncover a mechanism wherein AvrPib suppresses rice blast resistance by interference with MAPK activation by targeting a key component in the MAPK cascade.
Keyword ：
AvrPib AvrPib Magnaporthe oryzae Magnaporthe oryzae MAPK MAPK OsMAPKKK72 OsMAPKKK72 OsMKK9 OsMKK9 rice blast resistance rice blast resistance
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Zhanchun , Zhong, Guitao , Zhang, Beibei et al. Rice blast pathogen effector AvrPib compromises disease resistance by targeting Raf-like protein kinase OsMAPKKK72 to inhibit MAPK signaling [J]. | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY , 2025 . |
| MLA | Wang, Zhanchun et al. "Rice blast pathogen effector AvrPib compromises disease resistance by targeting Raf-like protein kinase OsMAPKKK72 to inhibit MAPK signaling" . | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY (2025) . |
| APA | Wang, Zhanchun , Zhong, Guitao , Zhang, Beibei , Xie, Yilin , Gan, Yufan , Tang, Dingzhong et al. Rice blast pathogen effector AvrPib compromises disease resistance by targeting Raf-like protein kinase OsMAPKKK72 to inhibit MAPK signaling . | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY , 2025 . |
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<正>植物细菌性病害严重威胁粮食安全.传统化学农药虽能控制病害,但易引发耐药性和环境污染等生态问题.在与病原菌旷日持久的博弈过程中,植物进化出了精妙的防御策略
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| GB/T 7714 | 王伟 , 唐定中 . 解除细菌毒力武装:新型植保素筑牢植物广谱抗病性 [J]. | 中国科学:生命科学 , 2025 , 55 (06) : 1316-1318 . |
| MLA | 王伟 et al. "解除细菌毒力武装:新型植保素筑牢植物广谱抗病性" . | 中国科学:生命科学 55 . 06 (2025) : 1316-1318 . |
| APA | 王伟 , 唐定中 . 解除细菌毒力武装:新型植保素筑牢植物广谱抗病性 . | 中国科学:生命科学 , 2025 , 55 (06) , 1316-1318 . |
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Wheat production is threatened by multiple fungal pathogens, such as the wheat powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt). Wheat resistance breeding frequently relies on the use of resistance (R) genes that encode diverse immune receptors which detect specific avirulence (AVR) effectors and subsequently induce an immune response. While R gene cloning has accelerated recently, AVR identification in many pathogens including Bgt lags behind, preventing pathogen-informed deployment of resistance sources. Here we describe a new "avirulence depletion (AD) assay" for rapid identification of AVR genes in Bgt. This assay relies on the selection of a segregating, haploid F1 progeny population on a resistant host, followed by bulk sequencing, thereby allowing rapid avirulence candidate gene identification with high mapping resolution. In a proof-of-concept experiment we mapped the AVR component of the wheat immune receptor Pm3a to a 25 kb genomic interval in Bgt harboring a single effector, the previously described AvrPm3a2/f2. Subsequently, we applied the AD assay to map the unknown AVR effector recognized by the Pm60 immune receptor. We show that AvrPm60 is encoded by three tandemly arrayed, nearly identical effector genes that trigger an immune response upon co-expression with Pm60 and its alleles Pm60a and Pm60b. We furthermore provide evidence that Pm60 outperforms Pm60a and Pm60b through more efficient recognition of AvrPm60 effectors, suggesting it should be prioritized for wheat breeding. Finally, we show that virulence towards Pm60 is caused by simultaneous deletion of all AvrPm60 gene paralogs and that isolates lacking AvrPm60 are especially prevalent in the US thereby limiting the potential of Pm60 in this region. The AD assay is a powerful new tool for rapid and inexpensive AVR identification in Bgt with the potential to contribute to pathogen-informed breeding decisions for the use of novel R genes and regionally tailored gene deployment.
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| GB/T 7714 | Kunz, Lukas , Jigisha, Jigisha , Menardo, Fabrizio et al. Avirulence depletion assay: Combining R gene-mediated selection with bulk sequencing for rapid avirulence gene identification in wheat powdery mildew [J]. | PLOS PATHOGENS , 2025 , 21 (1) . |
| MLA | Kunz, Lukas et al. "Avirulence depletion assay: Combining R gene-mediated selection with bulk sequencing for rapid avirulence gene identification in wheat powdery mildew" . | PLOS PATHOGENS 21 . 1 (2025) . |
| APA | Kunz, Lukas , Jigisha, Jigisha , Menardo, Fabrizio , Sotiropoulos, Alexandros G. , Zbinden, Helen , Zou, Shenghao et al. Avirulence depletion assay: Combining R gene-mediated selection with bulk sequencing for rapid avirulence gene identification in wheat powdery mildew . | PLOS PATHOGENS , 2025 , 21 (1) . |
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水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是我国重要的粮食作物，其生长发育过程经常受到稻瘟病的威胁，严重时导致巨大的经济损失。挖掘和利用水稻稻瘟病抗性基因，培育具有广谱抗性的优良品种是目前防治稻瘟病最经济有效的方法。稻瘟病抗性基因一般为编码含有核苷酸结合结构域(nucleotide-binding,NB)和富含亮氨酸重复结构域(leucine-rich repeat,LRR)的基因家族，也被叫做NLR基因，在水稻抗稻瘟病方面发挥至关重要的作用。因此，对NLR基因的挖掘以及阐明其与对应效应因子之间的识别和激活机制，对于培育抗病品种具有重要意义。本文对水稻中NLR基因的挖掘概况、NLR蛋白与稻瘟病菌效应因子之间的识别方式，以及成对NLR蛋白作用机制进行了总结和展望，旨在为水稻抗病育种提供参考。
Keyword ：
NLR基因 NLR基因 抗性 抗性 抗病育种 抗病育种 水稻 水稻 稻瘟病 稻瘟病
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| GB/T 7714 | 王占春 , 钟桂涛 , 张贝贝 et al. 水稻稻瘟病抗性基因研究进展 [J]. | 遗传 , 2025 , 47 (05) : 533-545 . |
| MLA | 王占春 et al. "水稻稻瘟病抗性基因研究进展" . | 遗传 47 . 05 (2025) : 533-545 . |
| APA | 王占春 , 钟桂涛 , 张贝贝 , 谢怡琳 , 唐定中 , 王伟 . 水稻稻瘟病抗性基因研究进展 . | 遗传 , 2025 , 47 (05) , 533-545 . |
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YrU1 encodes a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (CNL) immune receptor with additional ankyrin-repeat and WRKY domains, and confers robust resistance against the stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). YrU1 was identified through map-based cloning in Triticum urartu accession PI428309, the progenitor species of the A genome of hexaploid wheat. Despite its established role in conferring Pst resistance, the molecular mechanisms and interacting components involved in YrU1-mediated immunity remain largely undefined. In this study, we identified TuNHL1, a plasma membrane-localized NDR1/HIN1-like (NHL) protein, as a key component required for YrU1-mediated stripe rust resistance. TuNHL1 exhibits self-association and is capable of triggering hypersensitive cell death when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of TuNHL1 using the barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) system in the resistant T. urartu accession PI428309 significantly compromised resistance to the Pst isolate CY33, indicating that TuNHL1 is essential for YrU1-triggered immune responses. Moreover, overexpression of TuNHL1 in both wheat and Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced resistance to powdery mildew following inoculation with their respective pathogens. Taken together, our results revealed important roles of TuNHL1 in YrU1-mediated stripe rust resistance and powdery mildew resistance.
Keyword ：
immune response immune response powdery mildew powdery mildew stripe rust stripe rust Triticum urartu Triticum urartu TuNHL1 TuNHL1 YrU1 YrU1
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| GB/T 7714 | Ji, Jiahao , Xu, Yue , Zhang, Xiaohong et al. TuNHL1, an NDR1/HIN1 like gene, is essential for YrU1-mediated stripe rust resistance and enhances powdery mildew resistance in plants [J]. | PLANT SCIENCE , 2025 , 360 . |
| MLA | Ji, Jiahao et al. "TuNHL1, an NDR1/HIN1 like gene, is essential for YrU1-mediated stripe rust resistance and enhances powdery mildew resistance in plants" . | PLANT SCIENCE 360 (2025) . |
| APA | Ji, Jiahao , Xu, Yue , Zhang, Xiaohong , Li, Yujing , Tang, Dingzhong , Zou, Shenghao . TuNHL1, an NDR1/HIN1 like gene, is essential for YrU1-mediated stripe rust resistance and enhances powdery mildew resistance in plants . | PLANT SCIENCE , 2025 , 360 . |
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Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae poses a serious threat to rice security worldwide. This filamentous pathogen modulates rice defense responses by secreting effectors to facilitate infection. The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) plays crucial roles in the response to rice blast fungus. However, how M. oryzae disrupts JA-mediated resistance in rice is not well understood. In this study, we identify a new effector, a chloroplast-targeting protein (MoCHT1), from M. oryzae. Knocking out MoCHT1 decreases virulence, whereas heterologous expression of MoCHT1 in rice compromises disease resistance. MoCHT1 interacts with a rice LESION AND LAMINA BENDING (OsLLB) protein, a negative regulator of JA biosynthesis in the chloroplast. Loss-of-function of OsLLB leads to increased JA accumulation, thereby improving resistance to rice blast. The interaction between MoCHT1 and OsLLB results in the inhibition of OsLLB degradation, consequently reducing JA accumulation, thereby impairing JA content and decreasing plant disease resistance. Overall, this study reveals the molecular mechanism by which M. oryzae utilizes MoCHT1 to subvert rice JA signaling, broadening our understanding of how pathogens circumvent host immune responses by manipulating plant defense hormone biosynthesis. Copyright (c) 2025, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Genetics Society of China. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science Press. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Keyword ：
Chloroplast Chloroplast Effector Effector Jasmonic acid Jasmonic acid Plant defense response Plant defense response Rice blast Rice blast
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| GB/T 7714 | Shen, Ningning , Lu, Chuner , Wen, Yanhong et al. The Magnaporthe oryzae effector MoCHT1 targets and stabilizes rice OsLLB to suppress jasmonic acid synthesis and enhance infection [J]. | JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND GENOMICS , 2025 , 52 (11) : 1387-1400 . |
| MLA | Shen, Ningning et al. "The Magnaporthe oryzae effector MoCHT1 targets and stabilizes rice OsLLB to suppress jasmonic acid synthesis and enhance infection" . | JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND GENOMICS 52 . 11 (2025) : 1387-1400 . |
| APA | Shen, Ningning , Lu, Chuner , Wen, Yanhong , Deng, Boqian , Dong, Yu , Gong, Xiaojun et al. The Magnaporthe oryzae effector MoCHT1 targets and stabilizes rice OsLLB to suppress jasmonic acid synthesis and enhance infection . | JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND GENOMICS , 2025 , 52 (11) , 1387-1400 . |
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