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学者姓名：王伟
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Abstract ：
In nature, plants are under attack by a range of pathogens. To cope with these pathogens, plants have evolved a sophisticated immune system, including pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) initiated by pattern recognition receptors on the cell surface and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) activated by intracellular nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptors. In recent years, increasing evidence has demonstrated that organelles such as the chloroplast play crucial roles in complete activation of plant immunity. In this review, we focus on the chloroplast and summarize its role in regulating the activation of immune events, including influx of calcium (Ca2+), accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), biosynthesis of phytohormones, and expression of defense-related genes. Because information exchange between the chloroplast and the nucleus is very important during plant immunity, we also highlight the importance of chloroplast-nucleus communication via stromules in plant immunity. This review reveals the function of the chloroplast in maintaining the trade-off between plant growth and immunity, and expands our understanding of how chloroplasts enable complete activation of plant immunity.
Keyword ：
Ca2+ Ca2+ chloroplast chloroplast plant immunity plant immunity retrograde signals retrograde signals ROS ROS stromule stromule
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| GB/T 7714 | Rui, Lu , Yang, Sen-Qi , Zhou, Xing-Huang et al. The important role of chloroplasts in plant immunity [J]. | PLANT COMMUNICATIONS , 2025 , 6 (8) . |
| MLA | Rui, Lu et al. "The important role of chloroplasts in plant immunity" . | PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 6 . 8 (2025) . |
| APA | Rui, Lu , Yang, Sen-Qi , Zhou, Xing-Huang , Wang, Wei . The important role of chloroplasts in plant immunity . | PLANT COMMUNICATIONS , 2025 , 6 (8) . |
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Cotton diseases pose a serious threat to yield and fiber quality. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a crucial and prolonged immune response to pathogen infection; yet, its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood in cotton. Here, 35 TGACG binding (TGA) transcription factors were identified in Gossypium hirsutum, classifying them into five groups based on phylogenetic analysis, conserved motifs, and gene structures. Among them, GhTGA12, a group II member, emerged as a novel disease-associated transcription factor based on RNA-seq analysis under biotic stress conditions. GhTGA12 encodes a nuclear protein with 11 exons and 10 introns, harboring the conserved TGA-specific domains (bZIP, DOG1, Q1, and Q2). GhTGA12 has transcriptional activation activity through its N-terminal region and could be triggered by Pst DC3000. While GhTGA12-over-expressing Arabidopsis did not exhibit enhanced resistance after a single Pst DC3000 challenge, it showed significantly increased resistance upon Pst DC3000 pretreatment, consistent with SAR activation. These lines also exhibited elevated ROS levels and increased PR expression levels (PR1, PR2, PR5, and GRXS13). Additionally, GhTGA12 physically interacts with GhNPR1, a key regulator of SAR. Collectively, this study identifies GhTGA12 as a critical SAR-positive regulator via ROS signaling, PR gene activation, and GhNPR1 interaction, offering new targets for enhancing disease resistance in cotton.
Keyword ：
Cotton Cotton GhTGA12 GhTGA12 Integrated genome and expression Integrated genome and expression Systemic acquired resistance Systemic acquired resistance TGA TGA
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| GB/T 7714 | Qian, Zhengyi , Cao, Shuyi , Jia, Qi et al. Integrated genome and expression of the TGA family in Gossypium hirsutum reveals GhTGA12 could positively regulate systemic acquired resistance [J]. | INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS , 2025 , 236 . |
| MLA | Qian, Zhengyi et al. "Integrated genome and expression of the TGA family in Gossypium hirsutum reveals GhTGA12 could positively regulate systemic acquired resistance" . | INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 236 (2025) . |
| APA | Qian, Zhengyi , Cao, Shuyi , Jia, Qi , Zhang, Xiangyu , Du, Xinling , Su, Yina et al. Integrated genome and expression of the TGA family in Gossypium hirsutum reveals GhTGA12 could positively regulate systemic acquired resistance . | INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS , 2025 , 236 . |
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Abstract ：
<正>植物细菌性病害严重威胁粮食安全.传统化学农药虽能控制病害,但易引发耐药性和环境污染等生态问题.在与病原菌旷日持久的博弈过程中,植物进化出了精妙的防御策略
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| GB/T 7714 | 王伟 , 唐定中 . 解除细菌毒力武装:新型植保素筑牢植物广谱抗病性 [J]. | 中国科学:生命科学 , 2025 , 55 (06) : 1316-1318 . |
| MLA | 王伟 et al. "解除细菌毒力武装:新型植保素筑牢植物广谱抗病性" . | 中国科学:生命科学 55 . 06 (2025) : 1316-1318 . |
| APA | 王伟 , 唐定中 . 解除细菌毒力武装:新型植保素筑牢植物广谱抗病性 . | 中国科学:生命科学 , 2025 , 55 (06) , 1316-1318 . |
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水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是我国重要的粮食作物，其生长发育过程经常受到稻瘟病的威胁，严重时导致巨大的经济损失。挖掘和利用水稻稻瘟病抗性基因，培育具有广谱抗性的优良品种是目前防治稻瘟病最经济有效的方法。稻瘟病抗性基因一般为编码含有核苷酸结合结构域(nucleotide-binding,NB)和富含亮氨酸重复结构域(leucine-rich repeat,LRR)的基因家族，也被叫做NLR基因，在水稻抗稻瘟病方面发挥至关重要的作用。因此，对NLR基因的挖掘以及阐明其与对应效应因子之间的识别和激活机制，对于培育抗病品种具有重要意义。本文对水稻中NLR基因的挖掘概况、NLR蛋白与稻瘟病菌效应因子之间的识别方式，以及成对NLR蛋白作用机制进行了总结和展望，旨在为水稻抗病育种提供参考。
Keyword ：
NLR基因 NLR基因 抗性 抗性 抗病育种 抗病育种 水稻 水稻 稻瘟病 稻瘟病
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| GB/T 7714 | 王占春 , 钟桂涛 , 张贝贝 et al. 水稻稻瘟病抗性基因研究进展 [J]. | 遗传 , 2025 , 47 (05) : 533-545 . |
| MLA | 王占春 et al. "水稻稻瘟病抗性基因研究进展" . | 遗传 47 . 05 (2025) : 533-545 . |
| APA | 王占春 , 钟桂涛 , 张贝贝 , 谢怡琳 , 唐定中 , 王伟 . 水稻稻瘟病抗性基因研究进展 . | 遗传 , 2025 , 47 (05) , 533-545 . |
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芸薹属(Brassica)植物包含3个二倍体基本种及由3个基本种两两杂交和基因组加倍形成的复合种，即异源四倍体种，其进化历程一直被用作本科遗传学教学中阐述物种形成和染色体数目变异机制的经典案例。本文以芸薹属植物作为遗传学实验教学材料进行了实践探索，从形态观察到染色体观察，再到染色体倍性和核型分析，形成一个综合性实验体系，让学生从宏观到微观，深入透彻理解染色体倍性与物种形成的关系，领会多倍体形成的理论及其在育种实践中的应用。
Keyword ：
农林类专业 农林类专业 实验教学 实验教学 芸薹属植物 芸薹属植物 遗传学 遗传学
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| GB/T 7714 | 王伟 , 张冲 , 秦源 et al. 芸薹属植物在遗传学实验教学中的应用探索 [J]. | 遗传 , 2025 , 47 (07) : 0 . |
| MLA | 王伟 et al. "芸薹属植物在遗传学实验教学中的应用探索" . | 遗传 47 . 07 (2025) : 0 . |
| APA | 王伟 , 张冲 , 秦源 , 李占杰 , 贾琪 , 郑婷婷 . 芸薹属植物在遗传学实验教学中的应用探索 . | 遗传 , 2025 , 47 (07) , 0 . |
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Phytopathogens, such as the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, suppress plant immunity for reproduction by secreting effectors into plant cells. The M. oryzae effector AvrPib is known to be recognized by Pib, an intracellular nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR), in rice. However, how AvrPib manipulates blast resistance and its potential targets in rice remains unclear. In this study, we showed that AvrPib interacts with the rice MAP KINASE KINASE KINASE 72 (OsMAPKKK72), a previously uncharacterized Raf-like MAPKKK. The osmapkkk72 mutant shows enhanced susceptibility to the M. oryzae strain Guy11 and reduced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation after treatment with chitin. Furthermore, OsMAPKKK72 interacts with MAP KINASE KINASE 9 (OsMKK9) and increases the interaction between OsMKK9 and OsMPK3/6. Accordingly, OsMKK9 positively regulates rice blast resistance and increases MAPK activation in an OsMAPKKK72-dependent manner following chitin treatment in rice, suggesting that OsMAPKKK72 may serve as a scaffold in the MAPK cascade. AvrPib inhibits the interaction between OsMAPKKK72 and OsMKK9, leading to reduced MAPK activation, which is mediated by OsMKK9. Taken together, our results reveal the critical roles of OsMAPKKK72 in blast resistance and uncover a mechanism wherein AvrPib suppresses rice blast resistance by interference with MAPK activation by targeting a key component in the MAPK cascade.
Keyword ：
AvrPib AvrPib Magnaporthe oryzae Magnaporthe oryzae MAPK MAPK OsMAPKKK72 OsMAPKKK72 OsMKK9 OsMKK9 rice blast resistance rice blast resistance
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Zhanchun , Zhong, Guitao , Zhang, Beibei et al. Rice blast pathogen effector AvrPib compromises disease resistance by targeting Raf-like protein kinase OsMAPKKK72 to inhibit MAPK signaling [J]. | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY , 2025 . |
| MLA | Wang, Zhanchun et al. "Rice blast pathogen effector AvrPib compromises disease resistance by targeting Raf-like protein kinase OsMAPKKK72 to inhibit MAPK signaling" . | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY (2025) . |
| APA | Wang, Zhanchun , Zhong, Guitao , Zhang, Beibei , Xie, Yilin , Gan, Yufan , Tang, Dingzhong et al. Rice blast pathogen effector AvrPib compromises disease resistance by targeting Raf-like protein kinase OsMAPKKK72 to inhibit MAPK signaling . | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY , 2025 . |
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Calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a crucial role in plant immunity, regulating both pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) through cell-surface receptors and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) via intracellular nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs). Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs/CDPKs) serve as key Ca2+ sensors and signal transducers in these processes. In this study, we demonstrate the relevance of two rice CPKs, OsCPK5 and OsCPK13, for rice blast resistance. Both are Ca2+-responsive kinases, with potential in planta heteromer formation enhancing their phosphorylation/ signaling functions. Single oscpk5 and oscpk13 mutants exhibit impaired early PTI responses and enhanced susceptibility to rice blast fungus, suggesting that these kinases are essential for effective immunity. Surprisingly, although it is also defective in PTI, the oscpk5/13 double mutant displays enhanced resistance to rice blast. An NLR protein OsCPK5/13-ASSOCIATING RESISTANCE PROTEIN 1 (OsCARP1), which is physically associated with both OsCPK5 and OsCPK13, is genetically required for the heightened resistance of oscpk5/13. Furthermore, OsCARP1-induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana can be suppressed by the expression of OsCPK5 and OsCPK13. Based on these findings, we postulate that the positive blast resistance roles of OsCPK5 and OsCPK13 are guarded by OsCARP1, thus leading to OsCARP1-dependent ETI resistance in the oscpk5/13 double mutant or upon manipulation by still unknown pathogen effectors during infection. Our results offer insights into how plants counteract potential pathogen attack on key Ca2+ signaling immune components.
Keyword ：
Ca2+ Ca2+ cell death cell death NLR protein NLR protein OsCPK5 OsCPK5 rice blast resistance rice blast resistance
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang Zhanchun , Yu Shibo , Xu Wencai et al. Loss of calcium-dependent protein kinases OsCPK5 and OsCPK13 leads to NLR-dependent resistance in rice [J]. | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA , 2025 , 122 (45) . |
| MLA | Wang Zhanchun et al. "Loss of calcium-dependent protein kinases OsCPK5 and OsCPK13 leads to NLR-dependent resistance in rice" . | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 122 . 45 (2025) . |
| APA | Wang Zhanchun , Yu Shibo , Xu Wencai , Peng Han , Zhou Xuan , Liese Anja et al. Loss of calcium-dependent protein kinases OsCPK5 and OsCPK13 leads to NLR-dependent resistance in rice . | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA , 2025 , 122 (45) . |
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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation is one of the significant immune events that respond to pathogens in plants. A MAPK cascade often contains a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK), a MAPK kinase (MAPKK/MKK), and a MAPK. The well-characterized MAPK cascade, to date, is the MAPKKK3/4/5-MKK4/5-MPK3/6 module. Soybean cyst nematodes (SCN) is one of the most devastating soybean pathogens. However, the early immune components contributing to soybean resistance to SCN and the role of the MAPK cascade in the soybean-SCN interaction remain unclear. A recent study published in Plant Cell discovered that GmMPK3/6 phosphorylates a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK), CDG1-LIKE1 (GmCDL1), and maintains the stability of GmCDL1 in soybean. Remarkably, GmCDL1 enhances GmMPK3/6 activation and resistance to SCN by phosphorylating GmMAPKKK5 and activating the GmMAPKKK5-GmMKK4-GmMPK3/6 cascade. In addition, two L-type lectin receptor kinases (LecRKs), GmLecRK02g and GmLecRK08g, are involved in the GmCDL1 function after the perception of SCN. taken together, this study not only discovers a complete early immune pathway that responds to SCN infection in soybean, but also reveals a molecular mechanism by which plants maintain the activation of the MAPK cascade and resistance.
Keyword ：
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Nematode Nematode Plant immunity Plant immunity Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) Soybean Soybean
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| GB/T 7714 | Rui, Lu , Wang, Wei . Fortify the defense frontline: MAPKs phosphorylate receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase to maintain plant resistance in soybean [J]. | STRESS BIOLOGY , 2024 , 4 (1) . |
| MLA | Rui, Lu et al. "Fortify the defense frontline: MAPKs phosphorylate receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase to maintain plant resistance in soybean" . | STRESS BIOLOGY 4 . 1 (2024) . |
| APA | Rui, Lu , Wang, Wei . Fortify the defense frontline: MAPKs phosphorylate receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase to maintain plant resistance in soybean . | STRESS BIOLOGY , 2024 , 4 (1) . |
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Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important staple foods worldwide. However, rice blast disease, caused by the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, seriously affects the yield and quality of rice. Calmodulin-binding transcriptional activators (CAMTAs) play vital roles in the response to biotic stresses. In this study, we showed that OsCAMTA3 and CAMTA PROTEIN LIKE (OsCAMTAPL), an OsCAMTA3 homolog that lacks the DNA-binding domain, functioned together in negatively regulating disease resistance in rice. OsCAMTA3 associated with OsCAMTAPL. The oscamta3 and oscamtapl mutants showed enhanced resistance compared to wild-type plants, and oscamta3/pl double mutants showed more robust resistance to M. oryzae than oscamta3 or oscamtapl. An RNA-Seq analysis revealed that 59 and 73 genes, respectively, were differentially expressed in wild-type plants and oscamta3 before and after inoculation with M. oryzae, including OsALDH2B1, an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase that negatively regulates plant immunity. OsCAMTA3 could directly bind to the promoter of OsALDH2B1, and OsALDH2B1 expression was decreased in oscamta3, oscamtapl, and oscamta3/pl mutants. In conclusion, OsCAMTA3 associates with OsCAMTAPL to regulate disease resistance by binding and activating the expression of OsALDH2B1 in rice, which reveals a strategy by which rice controls rice blast disease and provides important genes for resistance breeding holding a certain positive impact on ensuring food security.
Keyword ：
OsCAMTA3 OsCAMTA3 OsCAMTAPL OsCAMTAPL plant immunity plant immunity rice blast rice blast
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| GB/T 7714 | Yu, Shibo , Li, Shengping , Wang, Wei et al. OsCAMTA3 Negatively Regulates Disease Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae by Associating with OsCAMTAPL in Rice [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES , 2024 , 25 (9) . |
| MLA | Yu, Shibo et al. "OsCAMTA3 Negatively Regulates Disease Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae by Associating with OsCAMTAPL in Rice" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES 25 . 9 (2024) . |
| APA | Yu, Shibo , Li, Shengping , Wang, Wei , Tang, Dingzhong . OsCAMTA3 Negatively Regulates Disease Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae by Associating with OsCAMTAPL in Rice . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES , 2024 , 25 (9) . |
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Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) sense pathogen effectors and activate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Many plant NLRs form pairs with other NLRs to recognize effectors and initiate ETI. PIRICULARIA ORYZAE RESISTANCE IN BL1 (Pib), an NLR protein in rice (Oryza sativa), activates resistance by recognizing the rice blast effector AvrPib. The activation of Pib is suppressed by SH3 DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2 (OsSH3P2) in the absence of AvrPib. However, how Pib triggers defense responses and whether Pib pairs with another NLR are not clear. In this study, we identified Pib by map-based cloning and showed that a homolog of Pib, PIB HOMOLOGUE 8 (PibH8), interacts with Pib. Pib and PibH8 mediate resistance to the Magnaporthe oryzae isolate Guy11, a rice blast strain carrying AvrPib. Interestingly, the pib/pibh8 double mutant exhibited enhanced susceptibility to Guy11 compared to the single mutant. Furthermore, PibH8 can oligomerize through its coiled-coil (CC) domain, which also contributes to the Pib-PibH8 interaction, suggesting that Pib and PibH8 may form a complex to recognize AvrPib. OsSH3P2 inhibited the interaction of Pib and PibH8 through association with the CC domain of PibH8. Taken together, these results indicate that both Pib and PibH8 are required for rice blast resistance to M. oryzae carrying AvrPib, which is negatively regulated by OsSH3P2. This study not only identifies an NLR that functions in rice blast resistance but also reveals a possible complex immune strategy in which homologous NLR proteins may regulate the complete activation of plant immunity. An SH3 domain-containing protein suppresses the interaction between nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor Pib and its PibH8 homolog, negatively regulating rice resistance to blast.
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Zhanchun , Yang, Dewei , Zhong, Guitao et al. Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor homologs Pib and PibH8 interact and contribute to immunity in rice [J]. | PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , 2024 , 195 (4) : 3010-3023 . |
| MLA | Wang, Zhanchun et al. "Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor homologs Pib and PibH8 interact and contribute to immunity in rice" . | PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 195 . 4 (2024) : 3010-3023 . |
| APA | Wang, Zhanchun , Yang, Dewei , Zhong, Guitao , Li, Shengping , Wang, Wei , Tang, Dingzhong . Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor homologs Pib and PibH8 interact and contribute to immunity in rice . | PLANT PHYSIOLOGY , 2024 , 195 (4) , 3010-3023 . |
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