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学者姓名：高辰阳
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Abstract ：
Stomatal movement plays a critical role in plant immunity by limiting the entry of pathogens. OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) is a key component that mediates stomatal closure in plants, however, how OST1 functions in response to pathogens is not well understood. RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 902 (RLK902) phosphorylates BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE 1 (BSK1) and positively modulates plant resistance. In this study, by a genome-wide phosphorylation analysis, we found that the phosphorylation of BSK1 and OST1 was missing in the rlk902 mutant compared with the wild-type plants, indicating a potential connection between the RLK902-BSK1 module and OST1-mediated stomatal closure. We showed that RLK902 and BSK1 contribute to stomatal immunity, as the stomatal closure induced by the bacterial pathogen Pto DC3000 was impaired in rlk902 and bsk1-1 mutants. Stomatal immunity mediated by RLK902 was dependent on BSK1 phosphorylation at Ser230, a key phosphorylation site for BSK1 functions. Several phosphorylation sites of OST1 were important for RLK902- and BSK1-mediated stomatal immunity. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of Ser171 and Ser175 in OST1 contributed to the stomatal immunity mediated by RLK902 but not by BSK1, while phosphorylation of OST1 at Ser29 and Thr176 residues was critical for BSK1-mediated stomatal immunity. Taken together, these results indicate that RLK902 and BSK1 contribute to disease resistance via OST1-mediated stomatal closure. This work revealed a new function of BSK1 in activating stomatal immunity, and the role of RLK902-BSK1 and OST1 module in regulating pathogen-induced stomatal movement.
Keyword ：
Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana BSK1 BSK1 OST1 OST1 phosphorylation phosphorylation plant immunity plant immunity RLK902 RLK902 stomatal immunity stomatal immunity
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| GB/T 7714 | Gao, Chenyang , Zhao, Yaofei , Wang, Wei et al. BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE 1 modulates OPEN STOMATA 1 phosphorylation and contributes to stomatal closure and plant immunity [J]. | PLANT JOURNAL , 2024 , 120 (1) : 45-59 . |
| MLA | Gao, Chenyang et al. "BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE 1 modulates OPEN STOMATA 1 phosphorylation and contributes to stomatal closure and plant immunity" . | PLANT JOURNAL 120 . 1 (2024) : 45-59 . |
| APA | Gao, Chenyang , Zhao, Yaofei , Wang, Wei , Zhang, Beibei , Huang, Xiahe , Wang, Yingchun et al. BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE 1 modulates OPEN STOMATA 1 phosphorylation and contributes to stomatal closure and plant immunity . | PLANT JOURNAL , 2024 , 120 (1) , 45-59 . |
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ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (EDR1), a Raf-like mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase (MAPKKK), is a negative regulator of resistance. There are three homologs, RAF3/4/5, of EDR1 in Arabidopsis. However, the roles of RAF3/4/5 in resistance and their functional link with EDR1 in plant immunity remain unclear. Here, we showed that the raf3/4/5 triple mutant displayed wild-type-like phenotypes to the powdery mildew pathogen Golovinomyces cichoracearum UCSC1 and the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000. However, the edr1 raf3/4/5 quadruple mutant exhibited enhanced resistance to G. cichoracearum UCSC1 and Pto DC3000 compared to edr1. Consistently, MPK3/6 kinase activity was more highly activated in edr1 raf3/4/5 than that in edr1. Moreover, the enhanced resistance of edr1 raf3/4/5 required SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2 (SID2), an isochorismate synthase required for salicylic acid (SA) synthesis. Additionally, unlike EDR1, RAF3/4/5 weakly and indirectly associated with MKK4/5, and EDR1 was directly associated with RAF3/4/5. Taken together, these data indicate that EDR1 associates with RAF3/4/5, and they may function together to synergistically suppress MAPK cascades activation, which reveal the complexity and importance of Raf-like MAPKKKs in plant immunity regulation.
Keyword ：
EDR1 EDR1 Plant immunity Plant immunity Powdery mildew Powdery mildew Pto DC3000 Pto DC3000 Raf-like kinase Raf-like kinase SA SA
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhong, Guitao , Chen, Yongming , Liu, Simu et al. EDR1 associates with its homologs to synergistically regulate plant immunity in Arabidopsis [J]. | PLANT SCIENCE , 2023 , 330 . |
| MLA | Zhong, Guitao et al. "EDR1 associates with its homologs to synergistically regulate plant immunity in Arabidopsis" . | PLANT SCIENCE 330 (2023) . |
| APA | Zhong, Guitao , Chen, Yongming , Liu, Simu , Gao, Chenyang , Chen, Renjie , Wang, Zhanchun et al. EDR1 associates with its homologs to synergistically regulate plant immunity in Arabidopsis . | PLANT SCIENCE , 2023 , 330 . |
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Calcium is a crucial second messenger in plant cells and contributes to plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. Plant defense priming with natural or synthetic compounds leads to quicker and stronger resistance responses. However, whether pretreatment of plant seeds with calcium could improve their resistance to stress remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed that rice seedlings grown from calcium chloride (CaCl2)-pretreated seeds displayed enhanced resistance to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and the rice bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo). Seed priming with CaCl2 also led to enhanced rice tolerance to salt and cold. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst increased significantly upon immunity activation in the leaves of rice seedlings grown from CaCl2-pretreated seeds. Additionally, we analyzed the rice calmodulin-binding protein 60 (OsCBP60) family and found that there were 19 OsCBP60s in rice cultivar Zhonghua 11 (ZH11). The transcripts of several OsCBP60s were chitin-and M. oryzae-inducible, suggesting that they may contribute to rice resistance. Taken together, these data indicate that seed priming with CaCl2 can effectively enhance rice tolerance to multiple stresses, perhaps by boosting the burst of ROS, and OsCBP60 family members may also play an essential role in this process.
Keyword ：
CaCl2 CaCl2 Calcium Calcium CBP60 CBP60 Plant immunity Plant immunity Priming Priming Stress Stress
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Yameng , Shen, Chengbin , Jiang, Qiaochu et al. Seed priming with calcium chloride enhances stress tolerance in rice seedlings [J]. | PLANT SCIENCE , 2022 , 323 . |
| MLA | Wang, Yameng et al. "Seed priming with calcium chloride enhances stress tolerance in rice seedlings" . | PLANT SCIENCE 323 (2022) . |
| APA | Wang, Yameng , Shen, Chengbin , Jiang, Qiaochu , Wang, Zhanchun , Gao, Chenyang , Wang, Wei . Seed priming with calcium chloride enhances stress tolerance in rice seedlings . | PLANT SCIENCE , 2022 , 323 . |
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Ubiquitination is an essential posttranslational modification and plays a crucial role in regulating plant immunity by modulating protein activity, stability, abundance and interaction. Recently, major breakthroughs have been made in understanding the mechanisms associated with the regulation of immune signaling by ubiquitination. In this mini review, we highlight the recent advances in the role of ubiquitination in fine-tuning the resistance activated by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat domain receptors (NLRs). We also discuss current understanding of the positive regulation of plant immunity by ubiquitination, including the modification of immune negative regulators and of the guardee proteins monitored by NLRs.
Keyword ：
E3 ubiquitin ligase E3 ubiquitin ligase Fine-tuning Fine-tuning NLRs NLRs Plant immunity Plant immunity PRRs PRRs Ubiquitination Ubiquitination
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| GB/T 7714 | Gao, Chenyang , Tang, Dingzhong , Wang, Wei . The Role of Ubiquitination in Plant Immunity: Fine-Tuning Immune Signaling and Beyond [J]. | PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY , 2022 , 63 (10) : 1405-1413 . |
| MLA | Gao, Chenyang et al. "The Role of Ubiquitination in Plant Immunity: Fine-Tuning Immune Signaling and Beyond" . | PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 63 . 10 (2022) : 1405-1413 . |
| APA | Gao, Chenyang , Tang, Dingzhong , Wang, Wei . The Role of Ubiquitination in Plant Immunity: Fine-Tuning Immune Signaling and Beyond . | PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY , 2022 , 63 (10) , 1405-1413 . |
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The loss of function of exocyst subunit EXO70B1 leads to autoimmunity, which is dependent on TIR-NBS2 (TN2), a truncated intracellular nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR). However, how TN2 triggers plant immunity and whether typical NLRs are required in TN2-activated resistance remain unclear. Through the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system and knockout analysis, we found that the spontaneous cell death and enhanced resistance in exo70B1-3 were independent of the full-length NLR SOC3 and its closest homolog SOC3-LIKE 1 (SOC3-L1). Additionally, knocking out SOC3-L1 or TN2 did not suppress the chilling sensitivity conferred by chilling sensitive 1-2 (chs1-2). The ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (ADR1) family and the N REQUIREMENT GENE 1 (NRG1) family have evolved as helper NLRs for many typical NLRs. Through CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing methods, we discovered that the autoimmunity of exo70B1-3 fully relied on ADR1s, but not NRG1s, and ADR1s contributed to the upregulation of TN2 transcript levels in exo70B1-3. Furthermore, overexpression of TN2 also led to ADR1-dependent autoimmune responses. Taken together, our genetic analysis highlights that the truncated TNL protein TN2-triggered immune responses require ADR1s as helper NLRs to activate downstream signaling, revealing the importance and complexity of ADR1s in plant immunity regulation.
Keyword ：
ADR1 ADR1 Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana NLR protein NLR protein plant immunity plant immunity SOC3 SOC3 TN2 TN2
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Wei , Liu, Na , Gao, Chenyang et al. The truncated TNL receptor TN2-mediated immune responses require ADR1 function [J]. | PLANT JOURNAL , 2021 , 108 (3) : 672-689 . |
| MLA | Wang, Wei et al. "The truncated TNL receptor TN2-mediated immune responses require ADR1 function" . | PLANT JOURNAL 108 . 3 (2021) : 672-689 . |
| APA | Wang, Wei , Liu, Na , Gao, Chenyang , Rui, Lu , Jiang, Qiaochu , Chen, Shuling et al. The truncated TNL receptor TN2-mediated immune responses require ADR1 function . | PLANT JOURNAL , 2021 , 108 (3) , 672-689 . |
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The plasma membrane (PM)-localized receptor kinase FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) recognizes bacterial flagellin or its immunogenic epitope flg22, and initiates microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity, which inhibits infection by bacterial pathogens. The localization, abundance and activity of FLS2 are under dynamic control. Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana EXO70B1, a subunit of the exocyst complex, plays a critical role in FLS2 signaling that is independent of the truncated Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide binding sequence protein TIR-NBS2 (TN2). In the exo70B1-3 mutant, the abundance of FLS2 protein at the PM is diminished, consistent with the impaired flg22 response of this mutant. EXO70B1-GFP plants showed increased FLS2 accumulation at the PM and therefore enhanced FLS2 signaling. The EXO70B1-mediated trafficking of FLS2 to the PM is partially independent of the PENETRATION 1 (PEN1)-containing secretory pathway. In addition, EXO70B1 interacts with EXO70B2, a close homolog of EXO70B1, and both proteins associate with FLS2 and contribute to the accumulation of FLS2 at the PM. Taken together, our data suggest that the exocyst complex subunits EXO70B1 and EXO70B2 regulate the trafficking of FLS2 to the PM, which represents a new layer of regulation of FLS2 function in plant immunity.
Keyword ：
exocyst complex exocyst complex FLS2 FLS2 plant immunity plant immunity trafficking trafficking
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Wei , Liu, Na , Gao, Chenyang et al. The Arabidopsis exocyst subunits EXO70B1 and EXO70B2 regulate FLS2 homeostasis at the plasma membrane [J]. | NEW PHYTOLOGIST , 2020 , 227 (2) : 529-544 . |
| MLA | Wang, Wei et al. "The Arabidopsis exocyst subunits EXO70B1 and EXO70B2 regulate FLS2 homeostasis at the plasma membrane" . | NEW PHYTOLOGIST 227 . 2 (2020) : 529-544 . |
| APA | Wang, Wei , Liu, Na , Gao, Chenyang , Cai, Huiren , Romeis, Tina , Tang, Dingzhong . The Arabidopsis exocyst subunits EXO70B1 and EXO70B2 regulate FLS2 homeostasis at the plasma membrane . | NEW PHYTOLOGIST , 2020 , 227 (2) , 529-544 . |
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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling modules that regulate plant immune responses. TheArabidopsis thalianaRaf-like MAPK kinase kinase ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE1 (EDR1) is a key negative regulator of plant immunity that affects the protein levels of MKK4 and MKK5, two important MAPK cascade members, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, genome-wide phosphorylation analysis demonstrated that the E3 ligase KEEP ON GOING (KEG) is phosphorylated in theedr1mutant but not the wild type, suggesting that EDR1 negatively affects KEG phosphorylation. The identified phosphorylation sites in KEG appear to be important for its accumulation. Thekeg-4mutant, a previously identifiededr1suppressor, enhances susceptibility to the powdery mildew pathogenGolovinomyces cichoracearum. In addition, MKK4 and MKK5 protein levels are reduced in thekeg-4mutant. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MKK4 and MKK5 associate with full-length KEG, but not with truncated KEG-RK or KEG-RKA, and that KEG ubiquitinates and mediates the degradation of MKK4 and MKK5. Taken together, these results indicate that MKK4 and MKK5 protein levels are regulated by KEG via ubiquitination, uncovering a mechanism by which plants fine-tune immune responses by regulating the homeostasis of key MAPK cascade members via ubiquitination and degradation.
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| GB/T 7714 | Gao, Chenyang , Sun, Pengwei , Wang, Wei et al. ArabidopsisE3 ligase KEG associates with and ubiquitinates MKK4 and MKK5 to regulate plant immunity [J]. | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY , 2020 , 63 (2) : 327-339 . |
| MLA | Gao, Chenyang et al. "ArabidopsisE3 ligase KEG associates with and ubiquitinates MKK4 and MKK5 to regulate plant immunity" . | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 63 . 2 (2020) : 327-339 . |
| APA | Gao, Chenyang , Sun, Pengwei , Wang, Wei , Tang, Dingzhong . ArabidopsisE3 ligase KEG associates with and ubiquitinates MKK4 and MKK5 to regulate plant immunity . | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY , 2020 , 63 (2) , 327-339 . |
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Many bacterial pathogens secret effectors into host cells to disable host defenses and thus promote infection. The exocyst complex functions in the transport and secretion of defense molecules, and loss of function of the EXO70B1 subunit leads to autoimmunity by activation of a truncated Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide-binding sequence protein (TIR-NBS2; herein referred to as TN2). Here, we show that EXO70B1 is required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immune responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. The effector AvrPtoB, an E3 ligase from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) strain DC3000, associates with EXO70B1. AvrPtoB ubiquitinates EXO70B1 and mediates EXO70B1 degradation via the host's 26S proteasome in a manner requiring E3 ligase activity. AvrPtoB enhances Pto DC3000 virulence by overcoming EXO70B1-mediated resistance. Moreover, overexpression of AvrPtoB in Arabidopsis leads to autoimmunity, which is partially dependent on TN2. Expression of TN2 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana) triggers strong and rapid cell death, which is suppressed by co-expression with EXO70B1 but reoccurs when co-expressed with AvrPtoB. Taken together, our data highlight that AvrPtoB targets the Arabidopsis thaliana EXO70 protein family member EXO70B1 to manipulate the defense molecule secretion machinery or immunity.
Keyword ：
Arabidopsis Arabidopsis AvrPtoB AvrPtoB EXO70B1 EXO70B1 exocyst complex exocyst complex NLR protein NLR protein plant immunity plant immunity TIR-NBS2 TIR-NBS2
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Wei , Liu, Na , Gao, Chenyang et al. The Pseudomonas Syringae Effector AvrPtoB Associates With and Ubiquitinates Arabidopsis Exocyst Subunit EXO70B1 [J]. | FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE , 2019 , 10 . |
| MLA | Wang, Wei et al. "The Pseudomonas Syringae Effector AvrPtoB Associates With and Ubiquitinates Arabidopsis Exocyst Subunit EXO70B1" . | FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 10 (2019) . |
| APA | Wang, Wei , Liu, Na , Gao, Chenyang , Rui, Lu , Tang, Dingzhong . The Pseudomonas Syringae Effector AvrPtoB Associates With and Ubiquitinates Arabidopsis Exocyst Subunit EXO70B1 . | FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE , 2019 , 10 . |
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