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学者姓名：王联德
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Abstract ：
RNA pesticides have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional chemical pesticides due to their high specificity and minimal environmental impact. However, the instability of RNA molecules in the environment and the challenges associated with their effective delivery to target pests limit their broader application. This study addresses these challenges by developing a dual delivery system using chitosan (CS) and Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) to enhance the delivery and efficacy of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and cycloxaprid against Diaphorina citri, a vector of citrus greening disease. The CS-MOF nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Insect bioassays demonstrated that the codelivery system significantly improved insecticidal activity, achieving over 80% mortality in D. citri within 2 days. The results indicate that the encapsulation of dsRNA within MOFs enhances its stability, while the controlled release properties of the nanoparticles improve the efficacy of cycloxaprid. This novel approach shows great potential in overcoming the limitations of RNA pesticides and offers a sustainable solution for pest management in agriculture. Future research should optimize the delivery system, conduct field trials, and explore its applicability to other agricultural pests.
Keyword ：
agriculture agriculture cycloxaprid cycloxaprid Diaphorinacitri Diaphorinacitri metal-organic frameworks metal-organic frameworks RNA pesticides RNA pesticides
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Wenjie , Ghafar, Muhammad Adeel , Liuyang, Lu et al. Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Co-Delivery of Cycloxaprid and Pooled siRNAs to Enhance Control Efficacy in Diaphorina citri [J]. | JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY , 2025 , 73 (6) : 3353-3362 . |
| MLA | Wang, Wenjie et al. "Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Co-Delivery of Cycloxaprid and Pooled siRNAs to Enhance Control Efficacy in Diaphorina citri" . | JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 73 . 6 (2025) : 3353-3362 . |
| APA | Wang, Wenjie , Ghafar, Muhammad Adeel , Liuyang, Lu , Haq, Inzamam Ul , Cui, Li , Yuan, Huizhu et al. Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Co-Delivery of Cycloxaprid and Pooled siRNAs to Enhance Control Efficacy in Diaphorina citri . | JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY , 2025 , 73 (6) , 3353-3362 . |
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The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) poses a significant threat to maize (Zea mays L.) production globally, necessitating sustainable pest management strategies to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides. Silicon-based treatments have emerged as a promising alternative, enhancing plant structural and biochemical defenses. However, the efficacy of these treatments in managing fall armyworm populations remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three silicon compounds silicon dioxide (SiO2), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), and potassium silicate (K2SiO3) applied via soil drenching and foliar spray on fall armyworm survival, development, and reproduction. Laboratory experiments revealed that silicon treatments significantly reduced survival rates, with SiO2 soil drenching decreasing survival to 0.2 at the pupal stage compared to 0.4 in the control group. Fecundity was also markedly suppressed, with egg production reduced from 210.85 +/- 4.61 eggs per female in the control group to 153.73 +/- 4.71 eggs per female in the SiO2 soil-drenched group. Developmental durations were prolonged, with the pre-adult stage extended from 28.54 +/- 0.22 days in controls to 34.10 +/- 0.22 days in SiO2-treated groups. Additionally, intrinsic rates of increase (r) dropped from 0.124 +/- 0.005 in controls to 0.08 +/- 0.007 in SiO2-treated populations, indicating suppressed population growth. These findings demonstrate the potential of silicon-based treatments as an effective component of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Further research under field conditions is recommended to validate these results and optimize application methods. Silicon-based approaches offer a sustainable pathway for reducing pest damage while minimizing environmental impact.
Keyword ：
Fall armyworm Fall armyworm Life table analysis Life table analysis Maize Maize Pest control Pest control Silicon treatments Silicon treatments
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| GB/T 7714 | Ghafar, Muhammad Adeel , Feng, Qin , Ul Haq, Inzamam et al. Impact of Silicon-Based Treatments On the Demographic Traits of Spodoptera frugiperda in Maize [J]. | JOURNAL OF CROP HEALTH , 2025 , 77 (4) . |
| MLA | Ghafar, Muhammad Adeel et al. "Impact of Silicon-Based Treatments On the Demographic Traits of Spodoptera frugiperda in Maize" . | JOURNAL OF CROP HEALTH 77 . 4 (2025) . |
| APA | Ghafar, Muhammad Adeel , Feng, Qin , Ul Haq, Inzamam , Hyder, Moazam , Sufian, Muhammad , Abbas, Dilawar et al. Impact of Silicon-Based Treatments On the Demographic Traits of Spodoptera frugiperda in Maize . | JOURNAL OF CROP HEALTH , 2025 , 77 (4) . |
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Maize is a critical crop globally, particularly in China, where it is a major source of nutrition and economic stability. However, maize production is increasingly threatened by the fall armyworm, a destructive pest that has rapidly spread across continents, causing significant yield losses. This review explores sustainable biological control methods as an alternative to chemical pesticides for managing FAW in maize cultivation. The review highlights the efficacy of various biological control agents, including parasitoids like Trichogramma spp. and Cotesia spp., predators such as earwigs and ground beetles, and entomopathogens like Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Additionally, advanced genetic techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9 and RNA interference (RNAi), have shown promise in enhancing the effectiveness of these biocontrol agents. The integration of these biological methods with precision agriculture technologies, including the use of drones and AI-driven systems, offers a comprehensive approach to managing FAW populations sustainably. These strategies not only reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides but also support the ecological balance in agricultural ecosystems. The review calls for further research and widespread implementation of these biological control methods to ensure sustainable maize production and global food security.
Keyword ：
Biological control Biological control CRISPR-Cas9 CRISPR-Cas9 entomopathogens entomopathogens fall armyworm fall armyworm maize maize
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| GB/T 7714 | Ghafar, Muhammad Adeel , Ramzan, Muhammad , Ul Haq, Inzamam et al. Sustainable biological control methods for managing fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in maize cultivation [J]. | BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 35 (10) : 1088-1123 . |
| MLA | Ghafar, Muhammad Adeel et al. "Sustainable biological control methods for managing fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in maize cultivation" . | BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 35 . 10 (2025) : 1088-1123 . |
| APA | Ghafar, Muhammad Adeel , Ramzan, Muhammad , Ul Haq, Inzamam , Akhtar, Muhammad Rehan , Panhwar, Waheed Ali , Abbas, Dilawar et al. Sustainable biological control methods for managing fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in maize cultivation . | BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 35 (10) , 1088-1123 . |
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The phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is the primary cause of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) and is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key posttranscriptional regulators involved in various biological processes, yet their role in D. citri's response to CLas infection remains unclear. In this study, we found that autophagy levels were significantly elevated in CLas-infected D. citri compared to non-infected individuals. Modulating autophagy influenced CLas titers, suggesting its role in pathogen suppression. Small RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed miRNAs, with miR278-3p being significantly downregulated by 72.3%. Functional analyses revealed that miR-278-3p regulates autophagy by targeting ATG16L1. Inhibition of miR-278-3p increased autophagosome formation, whereas its overexpression suppressed autophagy. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed miR-278-3p directly binds to the 3 ' UTR of ATG16L1, negatively regulating its expression. Notably, miR-278-3p inhibition reduced CLas titers by 48.7%, demonstrating its role in pathogen defense. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying insect-pathogen interactions and highlight the potential of miRNA-based strategies for controlling plant diseases transmitted by insect vectors. Understanding these regulatory pathways may lead to innovative pest and disease management approaches in agriculture.
Keyword ：
Autophagy Autophagy C Las C Las Diaphorina citri Diaphorina citri miRNA miRNA Regulate mechanism Regulate mechanism
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| GB/T 7714 | Lu, Liuyang , Feng, Qin , Wang, Shimin et al. miR-278-3p targets ATG16L1 to modulate autophagy and suppresses CLas proliferation in Diaphorina citri [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES , 2025 , 308 . |
| MLA | Lu, Liuyang et al. "miR-278-3p targets ATG16L1 to modulate autophagy and suppresses CLas proliferation in Diaphorina citri" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES 308 (2025) . |
| APA | Lu, Liuyang , Feng, Qin , Wang, Shimin , Ghafar, Muhammad Adeel , Cheng, Haokun , Zhou, Chenghua et al. miR-278-3p targets ATG16L1 to modulate autophagy and suppresses CLas proliferation in Diaphorina citri . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES , 2025 , 308 . |
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Chitinase plays a vital role in the virulence of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) when it infects host insects. We used gene recombination technology to express chitinase of three strains of Lecanicillium lecanii: Vl6063, V3450, and Vp28. The ORF of ChitVl6063, ChitV3450 and ChitVp28 were inserted into the fungal expression vector pBARGPE-1, which contained strong promoter and terminator, respectively, to construct a chitinase overpressing plasmid, then transformed the wild-type strain with blastospore transformation method. The virulence of the three recombinant strains against Toxoptera aurantii was improved by overproduction of ChitVl6063, ChitV3450, and ChitVp28, as demonstrated by significantly lower 3.43 %, 1.72 %, and 1.23 % fatal doses, respectively, according to an insect bioassay. Similarly, lethal times of recombinants (ChitVl6063, ChitV3450 and ChitVp28) were also decreased up to 29.51 %, 30.46 % and 33.90 %, respectively, compared to the wild-type strains. Improving the expression of chitinase is considered as an effective method for the enhancement of the EPF value. The efficacy could be enhanced using recombinant technology, which provides a prospecting view for future insecticidal applications.
Keyword ：
Chitinase Chitinase Entomopathogenic fungi Entomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium lecanii Lecanicillium lecanii Overexpression Overexpression Toxicity bioassay Toxicity bioassay Transgene Transgene
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| GB/T 7714 | Huang, Jing , Qasim, Muhammad , Zhou, Ran et al. Role of chitinase expression in the virulence of Lecanicillium lecanii against citrus black aphid (Toxoptera aurantii) [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES , 2024 , 276 . |
| MLA | Huang, Jing et al. "Role of chitinase expression in the virulence of Lecanicillium lecanii against citrus black aphid (Toxoptera aurantii)" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES 276 (2024) . |
| APA | Huang, Jing , Qasim, Muhammad , Zhou, Ran , Han, Xiaoqiang , Ansari, Mohammad Javed , Almoallim, Hesham S. et al. Role of chitinase expression in the virulence of Lecanicillium lecanii against citrus black aphid (Toxoptera aurantii) . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES , 2024 , 276 . |
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作物连作障碍会造成土壤营养匮乏、含水量下降、自毒物质积累、有益微生物减少以及病虫害加剧等问题，严重影响作物产量。紫花苜蓿作为多年生优质牧草，在我国广泛种植，长期连作紫花苜蓿会出现土壤质量逐年下降、有害微生物比例升高、病虫害暴发、自毒作用等连作障碍。本文收集和梳理相关文献，提出紫花苜蓿连作障碍问题，分析其成因，并借鉴解决其他作物，提出轮作、间作套种、合理施肥、植物生长调节剂等可缓解紫花苜蓿人工草地连作障碍的措施，指出使用功能微生物改变土壤微生态环境是防控紫花苜蓿连作障碍的有效途径，以期为后期研究解决紫花苜蓿连作障碍提供理论基础。
Keyword ：
农业措施 农业措施 功能微生物 功能微生物 紫花苜蓿 紫花苜蓿 自毒作用 自毒作用 连作障碍 连作障碍
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| GB/T 7714 | 张静怡 , 韩海斌 , 尹强 et al. 紫花苜蓿连作障碍研究进展 [J]. | 中国草地学报 , 2024 , 46 (06) : 135-143 . |
| MLA | 张静怡 et al. "紫花苜蓿连作障碍研究进展" . | 中国草地学报 46 . 06 (2024) : 135-143 . |
| APA | 张静怡 , 韩海斌 , 尹强 , 徐林波 , 张玉 , 王联德 et al. 紫花苜蓿连作障碍研究进展 . | 中国草地学报 , 2024 , 46 (06) , 135-143 . |
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Tetranychus urticae is a highly polyphagous and global pest. Spider mites primarily feed on the underside of leaves, resulting in decreased photosynthesis, nutritional loss, and the development of chlorotic patches. We investigated the life tables of the two-spotted spider mite T. urticae on fungal endophyte Beauveria bassiana colonized and untreated plants of the common Phaseolus vulgaris L., a bean plant. Based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory, data were evaluated. The mites raised on untreated plants had protonymphs, deutonymphs, and total pre-adult stage durations that were considerably shorter (1.76, 2.14, and 9.77 d, respectively) than the mites raised on plants that had been colonized (2.02, 2.45, and 10.49 d, respectively). The fecundity (F) varied from 28.01 eggs per female of colonized plants to 57.67 eggs per female of endophyte-untreated plants. The net reproductive rate (R0) in the plants with and without endophytes was 19.26 and 42.53 brood, respectively. The untreated plants had an intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of 0.245 days as opposed to the colonized plants, which had an r of 0.196 days and a finite rate of increase (lambda) (1.27 and 1.21, respectively). Population forecasts based on a two-sex, age-stage life table demonstrated the dynamism and variability of the stage structure. Furthermore, the colonization of B. bassiana had a negative impact on the growth and development of T. urticae. It lowered the adult mite life span, female fecundity, net reproduction rate, and intrinsic growth rate. We propose that future research should better use entomopathogenic fungal endophytes to understand host plant resistance strategies in integrated pest management.
Keyword ：
Beauveria bassiana Beauveria bassiana Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus vulgaris population projection population projection Tetranychus urticae Tetranychus urticae two-sex life table two-sex life table
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| GB/T 7714 | Hong, Pengxiang , Dash, Chandra Kanta , Ghafar, Muhammad Adeel et al. Demography and Population Projection of Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae) on Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) Colonized by Entomopathogenic Fungal Endophytes [J]. | INSECTS , 2024 , 15 (1) . |
| MLA | Hong, Pengxiang et al. "Demography and Population Projection of Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae) on Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) Colonized by Entomopathogenic Fungal Endophytes" . | INSECTS 15 . 1 (2024) . |
| APA | Hong, Pengxiang , Dash, Chandra Kanta , Ghafar, Muhammad Adeel , Haq, Inzamam Ul , Lu, Liuyang , Zhou, Chenghua et al. Demography and Population Projection of Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae) on Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) Colonized by Entomopathogenic Fungal Endophytes . | INSECTS , 2024 , 15 (1) . |
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Crops face constant threats from insect pests, which can lead to sudden disasters and global famine. One of the most dangerous pests is the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), which poses a significant threat to citrus plantations worldwide. Effective and adaptive management strategies to combat ACP are always in demand. Plant resistance (PR) is a key element in pest management, playing crucial roles such as deterring pests through antifeedant and repellant properties, while also attracting natural enemies of these pests. One effective and innovative approach is the use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) to reduce pest populations. Additionally, other natural enemies play an important role in controlling certain insect pests. Given the significance of PR, EPF, and natural arthropod enemies (NAE), this review highlights the benefits of these strategies against ACP, drawing on successful examples from recent research. Furthermore, we discuss how EPF can be effectively utilized in citrus orchards, proposing strategies to ensure its efficient use and safeguard food security in the future.
Keyword ：
Diaphorina citri Diaphorina citri Entomopathogenic fungi Entomopathogenic fungi IPM IPM Parasitoids Parasitoids Plant resistance Plant resistance Predators Predators Volatiles Volatiles
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| GB/T 7714 | Qasim, Muhammad , Su, Jie , Noman, Ali et al. Citrus psyllid management by collective involvement of plant resistance, natural enemies and entomopathogenic fungi [J]. | MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS , 2024 , 197 . |
| MLA | Qasim, Muhammad et al. "Citrus psyllid management by collective involvement of plant resistance, natural enemies and entomopathogenic fungi" . | MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS 197 (2024) . |
| APA | Qasim, Muhammad , Su, Jie , Noman, Ali , Ma, Ting , Islam, Waqar , Hussain, Dilbar et al. Citrus psyllid management by collective involvement of plant resistance, natural enemies and entomopathogenic fungi . | MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS , 2024 , 197 . |
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Agricultural development is one of the most powerful tools to end extreme poverty but agriculture-driven growth, poverty reduction, and food security are at risk. Plant diseases and insect pests are major limiting factors that reduce crop production worldwide. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a serious pest of agricultural crops and the use of silicon (Si) has shown promise in various crops due to its capability of changing plant defenses. Present investigations were carried out for the management of FAW on maize and its effects on the biology of fall armyworm under laboratory conditions. In field trials Silicon dioxide (SiO2) was evaluated at three concentrations i.e. 400, 800, and 1200 ppm against maize FAW. Foliar and drenching application of silicon dioxide at the maximum concentration (1200 ppm) exhibited significant results with minimum FAW population followed by 800 and 400 ppm respectively. In 2nd complement of the research the biological parameters of fall armyworm were assessed under in vitro conditions by feeding larvae with silicon-treated leaves. Results revealed that the larvae survival rate was minimum (36%) at maximum silicon application in comparison to control (95%). The pupal duration was increased to 13.66 days as compared to the control with 7.66 days. Moreover, the adult longevity was also reduced to 7.67 days and fecundity was reduced to 254 eggs in comparison to the control with 512 eggs. Silicon had a significant effect on the biology of fall armyworm and its application can be a potential management technique for fall armyworm.
Keyword ：
agriculture agriculture biology biology silicon dioxide silicon dioxide Spodoptera frugiperda Spodoptera frugiperda
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| GB/T 7714 | Muhammad Adeel Ghafar , Muhammad Sufyan , Wang Liande . Sillicon Dioxide (SiO2) Based Defense Induction in Maize against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) [J]. | Biology and Life Sciences Forum , 2023 , 27 : 0 . |
| MLA | Muhammad Adeel Ghafar et al. "Sillicon Dioxide (SiO2) Based Defense Induction in Maize against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)" . | Biology and Life Sciences Forum 27 (2023) : 0 . |
| APA | Muhammad Adeel Ghafar , Muhammad Sufyan , Wang Liande . Sillicon Dioxide (SiO2) Based Defense Induction in Maize against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) . | Biology and Life Sciences Forum , 2023 , 27 , 0 . |
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BackgroundTea geometrid Ectropis grisescens (Geometridae: Lepidoptera), is one of the most destructive defoliators in tea plantations in China. The MAPK cascade is known to be an evolutionarily conserved signaling module, acting as pivotal cores of host-pathogen interactions. Although the chromosome-level reference genome of E. grisescens was published, the whole MAPK cascade gene family has not been fully identified yet, especially the expression patterns of MAPK cascade gene family members upon an ecological biopesticide, Metarhizium anisopliae, remains to be understood.ResultsIn this study, we have identified 19 MAPK cascade gene family members in E. grisescens, including 5 MAPKs, 4 MAP2Ks, 8 MAP3Ks, and 2 MAP4Ks. The molecular evolution characteristics of the whole Eg-MAPK cascade gene family, including gene structures, protein structural organization, chromosomal localization, orthologs construction and gene duplication, were systematically investigated. Our results showed that the members of Eg-MAPK cascade gene family were unevenly distributed in 13 chromosomes, and the clustered members in each group shared similar structures of the genes and proteins. Gene expression data revealed that MAPK cascade genes were expressed in all four developmental stages of E. grisescens and were fairly and evenly distributed in four different larva tissues. Importantly, most of the MAPK cascade genes were induced or constitutively expressed upon M. anisopliae infection.ConclusionsIn summary, the present study was one of few studies on MAPK cascade gene in E. grisescens. The characterization and expression profiles of Eg-MAPK cascades genes might help develop new ecofriendly biological insecticides to protect tea trees.
Keyword ：
Ectropis grisescens Ectropis grisescens Expression pattern Expression pattern MAP Kinase MAP Kinase Metarhizium anisopliae Metarhizium anisopliae Signal transduction Signal transduction
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Xiaozhu , Zhou, Chenghua , Li, Xiaofang et al. Genome-wide identification and immune response analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in tea geometrid, Ectropis grisescens Warren (Geometridae, Lepidoptera) [J]. | BMC GENOMICS , 2023 , 24 (1) . |
| MLA | Wu, Xiaozhu et al. "Genome-wide identification and immune response analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in tea geometrid, Ectropis grisescens Warren (Geometridae, Lepidoptera)" . | BMC GENOMICS 24 . 1 (2023) . |
| APA | Wu, Xiaozhu , Zhou, Chenghua , Li, Xiaofang , Lin, Jingyi , Aguila, Luis Carlos Ramos , Wen, Feng et al. Genome-wide identification and immune response analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in tea geometrid, Ectropis grisescens Warren (Geometridae, Lepidoptera) . | BMC GENOMICS , 2023 , 24 (1) . |
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