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学者姓名：鲁国东
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Abstract ：
In eukaryotes, the retromer complex plays a crucial role in the sorting and retrograde transport of cargo proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Despite its importance, the molecular details of this intracellular transport process remain unclear. Here, we have identified a Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex as a mediator of vesicle transport that facilitates the recruitment of the retromer complex to the TGN to exert its functions. The GARP complex is mainly localized in the TGN where it interacts with the retromer complex. This interaction is evolutionarily conserved across species. Furthermore, we identified FgKex2 and FgSnc1 as cargo proteins in the GARP/retromer-mediated recycling pathway. Loss of GARP or retromer results in a complete missorting of FgKex2 and FgSnc1 into the vacuolar degradation pathway, which affects the growth, development, biogenesis of toxisomes and pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that GARP promotes the recruitment of retromer from endosomes to the TGN, thereby establishing a GARP/retromer transport pathway that coordinates the recycling of cargo proteins FgKex2 and FgSnc1. This process is essential for maintaining sustained growth and development and significantly contributes to the pathogenicity of F. graminearum.
Keyword ：
cargo sorting cargo sorting fungal development fungal development Fusarium graminearum Fusarium graminearum GARP GARP retromer retromer
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| GB/T 7714 | Long, Yunfei , Chen, Xin , Chen, Jia et al. Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex recruits retromer to trans-Golgi network for FgKex2 and FgSnc1 recycling, necessary for the development and pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum [J]. | NEW PHYTOLOGIST , 2025 , 246 (2) : 666-688 . |
| MLA | Long, Yunfei et al. "Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex recruits retromer to trans-Golgi network for FgKex2 and FgSnc1 recycling, necessary for the development and pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum" . | NEW PHYTOLOGIST 246 . 2 (2025) : 666-688 . |
| APA | Long, Yunfei , Chen, Xin , Chen, Jia , Zhang, Haoran , Lin, Ying , Cheng, Shuyuan et al. Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex recruits retromer to trans-Golgi network for FgKex2 and FgSnc1 recycling, necessary for the development and pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum . | NEW PHYTOLOGIST , 2025 , 246 (2) , 666-688 . |
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Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a major staple food in arid and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa, India, and South Asia. However, how epigenetic mechanisms regulate tissue-specific gene expression in this crop remains poorly understood. In this study, we profiled multiple epigenetic features in the young panicles and roots of pearl millet using RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, and ChIP-seq (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3). We identified thousands of genes that were differentially expressed between these two tissues. Root-specific genes were enriched for plant hormone signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, and stress responses. Analysis of chromatin accessibility revealed that root-specific accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) were enriched in binding motifs for stress-responsive transcription factors (e.g., NAC, WRKY), whereas ACRs in young panicles were enriched in motifs for developmental regulators (e.g., AP2/ERF). DNA methylation profiling revealed 25,141 tissue-specific differentially methylated regions, with CHH methylation—rather than CG or CHG methylation—showing the strongest tissue specificity. Promoters of root-specific genes had higher levels of CHH methylation compared to those of young panicle–specific genes, suggesting that the roles of CHH methylation in regulating transcription might be tissue dependent. Notably, promoter-associated H3K4me3 marked panicle-specific genes, whereas root-specific expression was primarily linked to chromatin accessibility, suggesting a transcription factor–mediated regulatory mechanism. Together, our findings highlight the distinct epigenetic frameworks governing tissue-specific gene expression in pearl millet and provide valuable insights for advancing the genetic improvement of this crop. © The Author(s) 2025.
Keyword ：
Alkylation Alkylation Arid regions Arid regions Gene expression regulation Gene expression regulation Methylation Methylation Plants (botany) Plants (botany) Tissue Tissue Tissue engineering Tissue engineering Transcription Transcription Transcription factors Transcription factors
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| GB/T 7714 | Luo, Lin , Qu, Qi , Cao, Mengxue et al. Epigenetic maps of pearl millet reveal a prominent role for CHH methylation in regulating tissue-specific gene expression [J]. | aBIOTECH , 2025 , 6 (3) : 394-410 . |
| MLA | Luo, Lin et al. "Epigenetic maps of pearl millet reveal a prominent role for CHH methylation in regulating tissue-specific gene expression" . | aBIOTECH 6 . 3 (2025) : 394-410 . |
| APA | Luo, Lin , Qu, Qi , Cao, Mengxue , Zhang, Yihui , Sun, Yuanchang , Mao, Fei et al. Epigenetic maps of pearl millet reveal a prominent role for CHH methylation in regulating tissue-specific gene expression . | aBIOTECH , 2025 , 6 (3) , 394-410 . |
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Antler-shaped Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is cultivated using specialized methods with high content of active ingredients. In this study, we employed a widely-targeted metabolomics to analyze the metabolic regulation in various parts of antler-shaped G. lucidum. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), we identified a total of 1016 metabolites and 615 differential metabolites (DMs) across three parts. KEGG pathway analysis found that 353 metabolic pathways were involved in the growth process. The quantitative results revealed that the undifferentiated cap region exhibited the highest content of triterpenes, while the basal region contained higher levels of polysaccharides. Network pharmacology identified 22 key targets from saccharide-related DMs, and 19 key targets from terpenoid-related DMs. These findings demonstrate that antler-shaped G. lucidum can be harvested and processed in a segmented manner to optimize the extraction of bioactive compounds, providing valuable insights for its scientific utilization in nutritional supplements and healthcare.
Keyword ：
Antler-shaped Ganoderma lucidum Antler-shaped Ganoderma lucidum Network pharmacology Network pharmacology Saccharides Saccharides Triterpenes Triterpenes Wide targeted metabolomics Wide targeted metabolomics
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| GB/T 7714 | Luo, Hongjian , Lin, Dongmei , Su, Dewei et al. Wide-target metabolomics and network pharmacology reveal metabolic regulation and targets of bioactive compounds in antler-shaped Ganoderma lucidum [J]. | FOOD BIOSCIENCE , 2025 , 71 . |
| MLA | Luo, Hongjian et al. "Wide-target metabolomics and network pharmacology reveal metabolic regulation and targets of bioactive compounds in antler-shaped Ganoderma lucidum" . | FOOD BIOSCIENCE 71 (2025) . |
| APA | Luo, Hongjian , Lin, Dongmei , Su, Dewei , Luo, Zongzhi , Wang, Lianfu , Lu, Guodong et al. Wide-target metabolomics and network pharmacology reveal metabolic regulation and targets of bioactive compounds in antler-shaped Ganoderma lucidum . | FOOD BIOSCIENCE , 2025 , 71 . |
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Chinese pine, Pinus tabuliformis, is one of the most important garden plants in northern China, and the planting of this species is of great significance for the improvement of the ecological environment. In this study, different fungi were isolated and purified from diseased Pinus tabuliformis samples collected in Xi'an city, Shaanxi Province. Of these fungal isolates, only one (isolate AP-3) was pathogenic to the healthy host plant. The pathogenic isolate was identified as Fusarium acuminatum by morphological characteristics and ITS and TEF-1 alpha sequence analyses. The optimal growth conditions for this isolate were further analyzed as follows: Optimal temperature of 25 degrees C, pH of 11, soluble starch and sodium nitrate as the most preferred carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. By combining Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long-read sequencing with Illumina short-read sequencing technologies, we obtained a 41.50 Mb genome assembly for AP-3, with 47.97% GC content and 3.04% repeats. This consisted of 14 contigs with an N50 of 4.64 Mb and a maximum length of 6.45 Mb. The BUSCO completeness of the genome assembly was 98.94% at the fungal level and 97.83% at the Ascomycota level. The genome assembly contained 13,408 protein-coding genes, including 421 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys), 120 cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), 3185 pathogen-host interaction (PHI) genes, and 694 candidate secreted proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. acuminatum causing needle blight of P. tabuliformis. This study not only uncovered the pathogen responsible for needle blight of P. tabuliformis, but also provided a systematic analysis of its biological characteristics. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for disease control in P. tabuliformis and pave the way for further research into the fungal pathogenicity mechanisms and management strategies.
Keyword ：
biological characteristics biological characteristics Chinese pine Chinese pine fungal isolation fungal isolation genome genome pathogen identification pathogen identification phytopathogenic fungi phytopathogenic fungi
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| GB/T 7714 | Song, Linin , Xu, Yuying , Liu, Tianjin et al. Biological and Genomic Insights into Fusarium acuminatum Causing Needle Blight in Pinus tabuliformis [J]. | JOURNAL OF FUNGI , 2025 , 11 (9) . |
| MLA | Song, Linin et al. "Biological and Genomic Insights into Fusarium acuminatum Causing Needle Blight in Pinus tabuliformis" . | JOURNAL OF FUNGI 11 . 9 (2025) . |
| APA | Song, Linin , Xu, Yuying , Liu, Tianjin , Wang, He , Wang, Xinyue , Fu, Changxiao et al. Biological and Genomic Insights into Fusarium acuminatum Causing Needle Blight in Pinus tabuliformis . | JOURNAL OF FUNGI , 2025 , 11 (9) . |
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Unique genes refer to genes specific to a particular organism and play crucial roles in the biological functions, evolutionary processes, and adaptations to external environments. However, the roles of unique genes in plant pathogenic fungi remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified a novel unique gene in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, named MoUNG (M. oryzae unique gene), through T-DNA insertion mutagenesis. The disruption of the MoUNG promoter region in the T-DNA insertion mutant (T30-104) led to an almost loss of MoUNG expression. MoUNG has no functional domains and lacks homologues in other organism. It is highly expressed during the early-infection stage between 16 and 32 h post-inoculation (HPI), in contrast to its expression in mycelia and at the later infection stage of 48 HPI. Notably, attempts to knock out MoUNG were unsuccessful, so we examined the T30-104 mutant and found it showed significantly reduced growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity. Introducing the full-length MoUNG with its promoter into T30-104 restored these phenotypic defects. Additionally, subcellular localization assays revealed that MoUNG exhibits a dot-like distribution within the cytoplasm of mycelium, conidium, appressorium, and invasive hypha. Furthermore, knock-down of MoUNG produced results similar to those observed with the insertion mutation. In conclusion, we identified a novel unique gene MoUNG in M. oryzae and demonstrated its involvement in growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity.
Keyword ：
functional characterization functional characterization Magnaporthe oryzae Magnaporthe oryzae unique gene MoUNG unique gene MoUNG
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Jing , He, Qingfeng , Xie, Xuze et al. The Identification of a Unique Gene MoUNG Required for Growth, Conidiation, and Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae Through T-DNA Insertion Mutagenesis [J]. | AGRONOMY-BASEL , 2025 , 15 (2) . |
| MLA | Chen, Jing et al. "The Identification of a Unique Gene MoUNG Required for Growth, Conidiation, and Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae Through T-DNA Insertion Mutagenesis" . | AGRONOMY-BASEL 15 . 2 (2025) . |
| APA | Chen, Jing , He, Qingfeng , Xie, Xuze , Wu, Yuting , Liu, Shan , Li, Xihong et al. The Identification of a Unique Gene MoUNG Required for Growth, Conidiation, and Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae Through T-DNA Insertion Mutagenesis . | AGRONOMY-BASEL , 2025 , 15 (2) . |
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由香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.cubense tropical race 4,Foc TR4)引起的香蕉枯萎病是全球香蕉产业面临的重大土传病害，其土壤中的分生孢子和厚垣孢子是主要侵染源。构巢曲霉(Aspergillus nidulans)C2H2型锌指转录因子FlbC是调控分生孢子发育的关键因子。本研究在Foc TR4中鉴定到FlbC的同源基因FocFlbC,利用原生质体介导的遗传转化技术构建了其敲除突变体(ΔFocFlbC)和回补菌株，并分析了该蛋白的亚细胞定位和生物学功能。结果显示，FocFlbC定位于菌丝和分生孢子的细胞核。与野生型相比，ΔFocFlbC突变体在麦芽糖培养基上的菌丝生长速率显著降低，但在其他碳源培养基上无明显差异；该突变体在不同碳源培养基上的产孢量均显著降低，其中在麦芽糖培养基上野生型与突变体的产孢量比率最高，显著高于其他碳源培养基。虽然FocFlbC缺失突变对Foc TR4生物量累积和分生孢子萌发无显著影响，但与野生型相比，该突变体表现出：细胞壁和盐胁迫耐受性降低；α-淀粉酶、滤纸酶及β-1,4-D-葡聚糖酶活性下降，且相应水解酶基因的表达水平下调；以及致病力减弱。上述表型缺陷均可被回补菌株恢复。综上，FocFlbC不仅调控Foc TR4在麦芽糖培养基上的菌丝生长与产孢，还参与调控细胞壁完整性、盐胁迫响应、水解酶合成以及致病力等多个重要生物学过程，为深入揭示Foc TR4生长发育和致病分子机制奠定了理论基础。
Keyword ：
C2H2型锌指结构域 C2H2型锌指结构域 水解酶活性 水解酶活性 碳源利用 碳源利用 胁迫响应 胁迫响应 致病性 致病性 转录因子 转录因子 香蕉枯萎病菌 香蕉枯萎病菌
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| GB/T 7714 | 卢松茂 , 林秀香 , 林亚琪 et al. 香蕉枯萎病菌C2H2型锌指转录因子FocFlbC的功能研究 [J]. | 植物病理学报 , 2025 , 55 (04) : 649-662 . |
| MLA | 卢松茂 et al. "香蕉枯萎病菌C2H2型锌指转录因子FocFlbC的功能研究" . | 植物病理学报 55 . 04 (2025) : 649-662 . |
| APA | 卢松茂 , 林秀香 , 林亚琪 , 林晓兰 , 杨帅 , 郑文辉 et al. 香蕉枯萎病菌C2H2型锌指转录因子FocFlbC的功能研究 . | 植物病理学报 , 2025 , 55 (04) , 649-662 . |
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Fusarium verticillioides, an important global pathogenic fungus, compromises crop quality and yield by infecting maize, sugarcane, and some Solanaceae, endangering food security through contaminated grains and cereals with the fumonisin B1 (FB1) toxin. While Con7 has been reported as a transcription factor involved in the sporulation and pathogenicity of some pathogenic fungi, the function of FvCon7 and its regulatory genes in F. verticillioides remains uncharacterized. Gene deletion mutants of Delta Fvcon7 were constructed through homologous recombination, which exhibited defects in vegetative growth, survival, sporophore development, conidiation, conidial germination, and carbon metabolism. Carbon metabolism defects led to a significant accumulation of glycogen granules in hypha and lipid bodies in conidia. Additionally, Delta Fvcon7 displayed impaired cell wall structure and integrity, along with an altered expression of genes encoding cell wall-degrading enzymes (such as chitinase), as detected by qRT-PCR. Moreover, Fvcon7 also plays a role in the pathogenicity of maize and sugarcane through different splicing, defective conidia, reduced survival viability, differential expression of secreted proteins, and deficiencies in antioxidant stress capacity. Furthermore, using yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays, FvCon7 was found for the first time to directly regulate the expression of FvFUMs by binding to the CCAAT box within the promoters of six key FvFUMs, thereby affecting FB1 production. Overall, FvCon7 functions as a global transcription factor regulating multiple phenotypes. This study provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanism of transcription factor FvCon7 regulating toxin production and pathogenesis in F. verticillioides.
Keyword ：
cell wall cell wall conidiogenesis conidiogenesis FB1 FB1 FvCon7 FvCon7 morphology morphology
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| GB/T 7714 | Wen, Gaolong , Lu, Xiange , Liang, Jiayan et al. The Global Transcription Factor FvCon7 Plays a Role in the Morphology, FB1 Toxin Production, and Pathogenesis of Fusarium verticillioides [J]. | PLANTS-BASEL , 2025 , 14 (17) . |
| MLA | Wen, Gaolong et al. "The Global Transcription Factor FvCon7 Plays a Role in the Morphology, FB1 Toxin Production, and Pathogenesis of Fusarium verticillioides" . | PLANTS-BASEL 14 . 17 (2025) . |
| APA | Wen, Gaolong , Lu, Xiange , Liang, Jiayan , Liu, Yi , Zhang, Xudong , Lu, Guodong et al. The Global Transcription Factor FvCon7 Plays a Role in the Morphology, FB1 Toxin Production, and Pathogenesis of Fusarium verticillioides . | PLANTS-BASEL , 2025 , 14 (17) . |
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Many pathogenic fungi display 'two-speed genome', with the fast-evolving genomic compartments enriched with repetitive sequences, particularly the transposons, which have been shown to drive the variation of pathogenicity-associated genes. Supernumerary chromosomes (SCs) are known to facilitate genomic variation in fungal pathogens, but their specific role in such processes remains understudied. In this study, we assessed the transferability of SCs between asexual Magnaporthe oryzae strains during co-culture and co-infection, and investigated their role in genome reconstruction through experimental evolution assays. We found that SCs could be horizontally transferred between M. oryzae strains and revealed frequent structural variations facilitated by SCs, including deletions, duplications, translocations, and SC-core chromosome recombinations during and after horizontal transfer. Remarkably, all observed intra- and inter-chromosome rearrangements were confined to core chromosome ends and SCs, indicating a robust role of SCs in facilitating genetic exchange within fast-evolving genomic compartments. Additionally, SC carrying the avirulence gene AvrPikE modulates M. oryzae virulence against Pikh rice through horizontal transfer, loss of whole SC, and segmental deletions. Our findings establish SCs as critical players in shaping the diversity and dynamics of the pathogenic fungal genomes, highlighting them as a cradle for the variation of pathogenicity-associated genes. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)((sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic))(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(Supernumerary chromosomes, SCs)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(Magnaporthe oryzae)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)SCs(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)SCs(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)SCs(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)SCs(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)SC(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)SCs(sic), (sic)(sic)SCs(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)AvrPikE(sic)SC(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)Pikh(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), SCs(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).
Keyword ：
experimental evolution experimental evolution horizontal chromosome transfer horizontal chromosome transfer Magnaporthe oryzae Magnaporthe oryzae pathogenicity pathogenicity supernumerary chromosome supernumerary chromosome
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| GB/T 7714 | Fang, Zhenyu , Li, Yuyong , Huang, Jianqiang et al. Experimental insights into genome reconstruction driven by horizontal transfer of supernumerary chromosomes in Magnaporthe oryzae [J]. | NEW PHYTOLOGIST , 2025 , 248 (1) : 140-156 . |
| MLA | Fang, Zhenyu et al. "Experimental insights into genome reconstruction driven by horizontal transfer of supernumerary chromosomes in Magnaporthe oryzae" . | NEW PHYTOLOGIST 248 . 1 (2025) : 140-156 . |
| APA | Fang, Zhenyu , Li, Yuyong , Huang, Jianqiang , Chen, Meilian , Chen, Xiali , Mo, Xueting et al. Experimental insights into genome reconstruction driven by horizontal transfer of supernumerary chromosomes in Magnaporthe oryzae . | NEW PHYTOLOGIST , 2025 , 248 (1) , 140-156 . |
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Mad2, a conserved core component of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) in eukaryotes, delays anaphase onset in case of incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachment. However, its functions in plant-pathogenic fungi remain largely unknown. Here, we identified the Mad2 homologue in rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (MoMad2), which shows high similarity with Mad2 in fission yeast. When expressed in fission yeast, MoMad2 associated with native SpMad1 and SpCdc20, and successfully rescued the Delta Spmad2 mutant's defect in arresting anaphase onset upon damaged spindle, indicating the conserved SAC function of MoMad2. Moreover, MoMad2 interacted with MoMad1 and depends on MoMad1 for its nuclear envelope-localisation. Although it plays a dispensable role in M. oryzae growth, MoMad2 is required for tolerance to the microtubule depolymerising agent treatment. Delta Momad2 mutants exhibited shorter hyphal compartments and earlier conidial germination and appressorium formation, suggesting that MoMad2 deletion shortens M. oryzae's mitotic cell cycle due to defective SAC arrest. Additionally, knockout of MoMAD2 decreased the appressorial turgor pressure, impaired appressorium penetration and compromised M. oryzae pathogenicity. Taken together, our findings revealed that MoMad2, as a conserved component in SAC signalling, is essential for full pathogenicity of rice blast fungus.
Keyword ：
appressorial turgor appressorial turgor Mad2 Mad2 Magnaporthe oryzae Magnaporthe oryzae pathogenicity pathogenicity spindle assembly checkpoint spindle assembly checkpoint
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| GB/T 7714 | Shen, Tianjiao , Chen, Qiushi , Leontiou, Ioanna et al. MoMad2 With a Conserved Function in the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Is Required for Maintaining Appressorial Turgor Pressure and Pathogenicity of Rice Blast Fungus [J]. | MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY , 2025 , 26 (9) . |
| MLA | Shen, Tianjiao et al. "MoMad2 With a Conserved Function in the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Is Required for Maintaining Appressorial Turgor Pressure and Pathogenicity of Rice Blast Fungus" . | MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 26 . 9 (2025) . |
| APA | Shen, Tianjiao , Chen, Qiushi , Leontiou, Ioanna , Wang, Rong , Su, Meiling , Luo, Qiong et al. MoMad2 With a Conserved Function in the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Is Required for Maintaining Appressorial Turgor Pressure and Pathogenicity of Rice Blast Fungus . | MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY , 2025 , 26 (9) . |
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灵芝Ganoderma作为我国药食两用名贵中药，在中国已有两千多年的应用历史。灵芝中的化学成分包括多糖、多糖肽、三萜类、甾醇、核苷、有机酸等，其中主要活性成分为灵芝多糖类和三萜类化合物。总结了灵芝主要活性成分在免疫调节、保肝、护肾、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎、调血脂、降血糖等方面药理活性研究，同时概述了灵芝多糖类和三萜类物质生物合成途径，以期为高品质灵芝功效评价和生物合成提供参考依据，也为灵芝在保健食品和临床应用提供科学依据。
Keyword ：
三萜 三萜 多糖 多糖 多糖肽 多糖肽 灵芝 灵芝 生物合成 生物合成 药理活性 药理活性
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| GB/T 7714 | 罗虹建 , 鲁国东 , 林占熺 et al. 灵芝主要活性成分药理作用及生物合成研究进展 [J]. | 中草药 , 2025 , 56 (09) : 3366-3379 . |
| MLA | 罗虹建 et al. "灵芝主要活性成分药理作用及生物合成研究进展" . | 中草药 56 . 09 (2025) : 3366-3379 . |
| APA | 罗虹建 , 鲁国东 , 林占熺 , 林冬梅 . 灵芝主要活性成分药理作用及生物合成研究进展 . | 中草药 , 2025 , 56 (09) , 3366-3379 . |
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