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学者姓名：石章红
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Simple Summary: Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), is an invasive and highly destructive insect pest that poses a significant threat to palm trees. Currently, employing the biological agents are the important alternative method to fight against the infestation and alleviate the pesticide resistance of this pest. However, the control effect is unsatisfactory. It has been well known that the innate immunity plays the vital role for the protection of insect pests upon the attack of pathogens. In this research, we aimed to investigate the role of a C-type lectin, RfCTL27, in the immune response of RPWs. RT-qPCR showed that Escherichia coli induced a significant increase in the expression of RfCTL27 in the gut and fat body. After RfCTL27 was silenced, the expression level of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes in the gut and fat body was significantly decreased. Therefore, our findings indicate that RfCTL27 is involved in both systemic and gut local immunity by controlling the expression of AMP genes upon the exposure of Gram-negative bacteria. Red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), is a palm tree insect pest that causes significant damage in the many countries from the Indian sub-continent and southeast Asia into date palm-growing countries of Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean Basin. This study is aimed at determining the role of a C-type lectin, RfCTL27, in the immune defense of RPW larvae. RfCTL27 is a secreted protein that possesses a QPD motif, being integral for the discrimination of Gram-negative bacteria. The abundance of RfCTL27 transcripts in the gut and fat body was significantly higher than that in other tissues. Six hours after injection of Escherichia coli, the expression level of RfCTL27 in the gut of RPW larvae was significantly elevated compared with other groups. At 12 h after injection of E. coli, the expression of RfCTL27 in fat body was dramatically induced in contrast with other treatments. More interestingly, the ability of RPW larvae to clear the pathogenic bacteria in the body cavity and gut was markedly impaired by the silencing of RfCTL27. Additionally, the expression levels of two antimicrobial peptide genes, RfCecropin in the gut and RfDefensin in fat body of RPW larvae, were significantly decreased. Taken together, these data suggested that RfCTL27 can recognize the Gram-negative bacterium and activate the expression of antimicrobial peptides to remove the invaded bacterial pathogens. This study provides a new scientific basis for improving the control efficiency of pathogenic microorganisms against red palm weevils in production practice.
Keyword ：
antimicrobial peptide antimicrobial peptide insect immunity insect immunity invasive pest invasive pest pattern recognition receptor pattern recognition receptor
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| GB/T 7714 | Gong, Yanru , Xia, Yongjian , Su, Zhiping et al. A C-Type Lectin, RfCTL27, Activates the Immune Defense in the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (AG Olivier, 1791) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae) by the Recognition of Gram-Negative Bacteria [J]. | INSECTS , 2024 , 15 (3) . |
| MLA | Gong, Yanru et al. "A C-Type Lectin, RfCTL27, Activates the Immune Defense in the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (AG Olivier, 1791) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae) by the Recognition of Gram-Negative Bacteria" . | INSECTS 15 . 3 (2024) . |
| APA | Gong, Yanru , Xia, Yongjian , Su, Zhiping , Wang, Xinghong , Kou, Yishuo , Ma, Bing et al. A C-Type Lectin, RfCTL27, Activates the Immune Defense in the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (AG Olivier, 1791) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae) by the Recognition of Gram-Negative Bacteria . | INSECTS , 2024 , 15 (3) . |
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Abstract ：
Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is a tremendously destructive insect pest of palm trees worldwide. Although some biological agents have been used to fight against RPW larvae, the control efficiency is still dissatisfactory. This study aimed to determine the role of a peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP), RfPGRP-S3, in RPW immunity. RfPGRP-S3 is a secreted protein with a DF (Asp85-Phe86) motif, implying that it can discriminate Gram-positive bacteria. The abundance of RfPGRP-S3 transcripts in the hemolymph was significantly higher than that in other tissues. The expression of RfPGRP-S3 can be markedly induced by chal-lenge with Staphylococcus aureus and Beauveria bassiana. After RfPGRP-S3 was silenced, the ability of individuals to clear the pathogenic bacteria in the body cavity and gut was significantly compromised. Furthermore, silencing RfPGRP-S3 dramatically impaired the survival rate of RPW larvae upon challenge with S. aureus. RT- qPCR revealed that the expression levels of RfDefensin in the fat body and gut were decreased by RfPGRP-S3 silencing. Taken together, these results demonstrated that RfPGRP-S3 acts as a circulating receptor to promote the expression of the antimicrobial peptide gene upon the discrimination of pathogenic microbes.
Keyword ：
Antimicrobial peptide Antimicrobial peptide Insect immunity Insect immunity Peptidoglycan recognition protein Peptidoglycan recognition protein Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
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| GB/T 7714 | Ma, Bing , Wang, Xinghong , Liu, Qianxia et al. A peptidoglycan recognition protein regulates the immune response of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) during exposure to pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria and fungi [J]. | DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY , 2023 , 144 . |
| MLA | Ma, Bing et al. "A peptidoglycan recognition protein regulates the immune response of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) during exposure to pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria and fungi" . | DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 144 (2023) . |
| APA | Ma, Bing , Wang, Xinghong , Liu, Qianxia , Zhao, Yue , Su, Zhiping , Chen, Yujia et al. A peptidoglycan recognition protein regulates the immune response of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) during exposure to pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria and fungi . | DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY , 2023 , 144 . |
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Simple Summary Red palm weevil (RPW), Rynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is a destructive pest that often seriously infests palm plants. Because of the negative environmental effect and pesticide resistance caused by insecticide applications, it is important to develop novel green control strategies for this pest. The intestinal tracts of RPW are often colonized by multiple bacterial species that have promoting effects on the growth, development and immunity of RPW larvae. This review summarized the current understanding on the crosstalk between RPW larvae and their gut microbiota and pointed out the great potential of the development of microbial resource-based management methods for this pest. Red Palm Weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is a notorious pest, which infests palm trees and has caused great economic losses worldwide. At present, insecticide applications are still the main way to control this pest. However, pesticide resistance has been detected in the field populations of RPW. Thus, future management strategies based on the novel association biological control need be developed. Recent studies have shown that the intestinal tract of RPW is often colonized by multiple microbial species as mammals and model insects, and gut bacteria have been found to promote the growth, development and immune activity of RPW larvae by modulating nutrient metabolism. Furthermore, two peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), PGRP-LB and PGRP-S1, can act as the negative regulators to modulate the intestinal immunity to maintain the homeostasis of gut bacteria in RPW larvae. Here, we summarized the current knowledge on the gut bacterial composition of RPW and their impact on the physiological traits of RPW larvae. In contrast with metazoans, it is much easier to make genetic engineered microbes to produce some active molecules against pests. From this perspective, because of the profound effects of gut bacteria on host phenotypes, it is promising to dissect the molecular mechanisms behind their effect on host physiology and facilitate the development of microbial resource-based management methods for pest control.
Keyword ：
gut bacteria gut bacteria intestinal immunity intestinal immunity nutrient metabolism nutrient metabolism paratransgenesis paratransgenesis pest control pest control red palm weevil red palm weevil
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Qian-Xia , Su, Zhi-Ping , Liu, Hui-Hui et al. The Effect of Gut Bacteria on the Physiology of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier and Their Potential for the Control of This Pest [J]. | INSECTS , 2021 , 12 (7) . |
| MLA | Liu, Qian-Xia et al. "The Effect of Gut Bacteria on the Physiology of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier and Their Potential for the Control of This Pest" . | INSECTS 12 . 7 (2021) . |
| APA | Liu, Qian-Xia , Su, Zhi-Ping , Liu, Hui-Hui , Lu, Sheng-Ping , Ma, Bing , Zhao, Yue et al. The Effect of Gut Bacteria on the Physiology of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier and Their Potential for the Control of This Pest . | INSECTS , 2021 , 12 (7) . |
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Beetles are the most diverse group of insects in Insecta which can be found in almost every habitat and environment on Earth. The possessing of the rapid and effective immune defenses is one of the important factors for their success. It is generally recognized that beetles only rely on the non-specific innate immune defense, without immunological memory, to fight against pathogens. However, there was cumulative evidence for the innate immune memory in invertebrates, including beetles, over the last decades, implying that insect innate immunity is more complex and has more features than previously thought. In beetles, it has been well documented that the specific or nonspecific enhanced immunocompetence can persist throughout development within generations and can even be transferred to the descendents in the next generation. Although insect immune priming might be shaped by epigenetic modifications and transferring effectors, mRNA and microbial signals, the solid experimental evidence to support the causal relationship between any of them and immune priming is still scarce. The combined usage of 'omics' approaches and CRISPR/Cas9 in the appropriate insect models with well-known genetic background, Tribolium castaneum and Tenebrio molitor, will help us to decipher the molecular mechanisms by which immune priming occurs in beetles in depth.
Keyword ：
Beetle Beetle Ecoimmunology Ecoimmunology Gut microbiota Gut microbiota Immune priming Immune priming Insect immunity Insect immunity Invertebrate Invertebrate
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Qian-Xia , Su, Zhi-Ping , Liu, Hui-Hui et al. Current understanding and perspectives on the potential mechanisms of immune priming in beetles [J]. | DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY , 2021 , 127 . |
| MLA | Liu, Qian-Xia et al. "Current understanding and perspectives on the potential mechanisms of immune priming in beetles" . | DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 127 (2021) . |
| APA | Liu, Qian-Xia , Su, Zhi-Ping , Liu, Hui-Hui , Lu, Sheng-Ping , Zhao, Yue , Ma, Bing et al. Current understanding and perspectives on the potential mechanisms of immune priming in beetles . | DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY , 2021 , 127 . |
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【目的】明确红棕象甲Rhynchophorus ferrugineus C-型凝集素RfCTL-S1在其幼虫免疫防御中的作用。【方法】对红棕象甲RfCTL-S1序列特征进行生物信息学分析;利用RT-qPCR检测RfCTL-S1在红棕象甲4龄幼虫不同组织(头、体壁、前肠、中-后肠、血淋巴和脂肪体)以及大肠杆菌Escherichiacoli DH5α和金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus注射感染(注射1μL OD_(600)=1.6的菌液)后在红棕象甲4龄幼虫脂肪体和肠道中的表达量,以及RfCTL-S1基因RNAi后红棕象甲4龄幼虫脂肪体和肠道中抗菌肽基因RfAttacin,RfCecropin,RfColeopericin和RfDefensin表达量;分析RfCTL-S1基因通过RNAi被沉默后对红棕象甲4龄幼虫血淋巴EGFP标记的大肠杆菌的清除能力以及肠道中可培养细菌菌落数量的影响。【结果】生物信息学分析发现红棕象甲RfCTL-S1基因编码的蛋白无跨膜结构域,但包含一个信号肽和糖类识别结构域,该结构域中含有EPN基序,表明RfCTL-S1是一种能结合甘露糖的分泌型蛋白。RT-qPCR检测发现,RfCTL-S1在红棕象甲4龄幼虫血淋巴中高表达。在红棕象甲幼虫脂肪体中,与注射PBS的对照组相比,注射感染大肠杆菌24 h后RfCTL-S1的表达量显著下调;注射感染金黄色葡萄球菌6 h后红棕象甲幼虫脂肪体中RfCTL-S1的表达量显著高于注射后24 h。在红棕象甲幼虫肠道中,注射感染金黄色葡萄球菌12 h后,该基因的表达量显著高于注射后6和24 h。RNAi干扰RfCTL-S1后,红棕象甲幼虫脂肪体中抗菌肽基因RfCecropin,RfColeoptericin和RfDefensin的表达量都显著下降;红棕象甲幼虫血淋巴对感染EGFP标记的大肠杆菌的清除能力显著弱于对照组,然而RNAi组和对照组间幼虫肠道中的可培养细菌菌落数没有显著差异。【结论】分泌型RfCTL-S1蛋白能够通过识别细菌并激活红棕象甲幼虫脂肪体中相应的免疫信号通路促进抗菌肽基因表达,从而实现对入侵病原体的清除。
Keyword ：
C-型凝集素 C-型凝集素 RNA干扰 RNA干扰 天然免疫 天然免疫 抗菌肽 抗菌肽 病原 病原 红棕象甲 红棕象甲
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| GB/T 7714 | 鲁盛平 , 刘惠惠 , 苏治平 et al. C-型凝集素RfCTL-S1在红棕象甲幼虫免疫防御中的作用 [J]. | 昆虫学报 , 2021 , 64 (12) : 1388-1397 . |
| MLA | 鲁盛平 et al. "C-型凝集素RfCTL-S1在红棕象甲幼虫免疫防御中的作用" . | 昆虫学报 64 . 12 (2021) : 1388-1397 . |
| APA | 鲁盛平 , 刘惠惠 , 苏治平 , 刘倩霞 , 侯有明 , 石章红 . C-型凝集素RfCTL-S1在红棕象甲幼虫免疫防御中的作用 . | 昆虫学报 , 2021 , 64 (12) , 1388-1397 . |
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【目的】明确入侵害虫红棕象甲Rhynchophorus ferrugineus胞质型肽聚糖识别蛋白RfPGRP-L2在肠道菌群稳态的维持和调控过程中的作用,将为靶向破坏肠道菌群稳态的害虫控制新策略研发提供新的科学依据和作用靶标。【方法】利用生物信息学方法分析RfPGRP-L2的序列特征。利用RT-qPCR分析RfPGRP-L2在健康红棕象甲4龄幼虫不同组织(头、脂肪体、表皮、前肠、中-后肠、血淋巴)以及大肠杆菌Escherichia coli DH5α和金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus经注射(注射1μL OD_(600)=1.6的菌液)和喂食(取食涂抹1 mL OD_(600)=1.6的菌液的甘蔗薄片)两种不同方式分别感染后红棕象甲4龄幼虫肠道和脂肪体中的表达量;进行RfPGRP-L2原核表达,利用体外孵育方法检测重组蛋白RfPGRP-L2对大肠杆菌DH5α和金黄色葡萄球菌的凝集和抑菌活性;RNAi干扰RfPGRP-L2后,检测红棕象甲4龄幼虫血淋巴和肠道中大肠杆菌菌落数的变化;利用RT-qPCR分析RNAi干扰RfPGRP-L2后红棕象甲4龄幼虫脂肪体和肠道中抗菌肽基因表达量的变化;利用基于细菌16S rRNA的高通量测序分析RNAi干扰RfPGRP-L2对健康红棕象甲4龄幼虫肠道菌群结构组成的影响。【结果】SMART预测发现红棕象甲RfPGRP-L2基因编码的蛋白中无跨膜结构域也无信号肽,这表明RfPGRP-L2是一种胞质型肽聚糖识别蛋白。RT-qPCR检测发现,RfPGRP-L2主要在健康红棕象甲4龄幼虫血淋巴、肠道和脂肪体等免疫组织中表达;被注射感染大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌6 h和12 h后,红棕象甲4龄幼虫脂肪体中RfPGRP-L2的表达量分别显著上调;被喂食感染大肠杆菌6 h后,红棕象甲4龄幼虫肠道中RfPGRP-L2的表达量显著增加。重组表达蛋白RfPGRP-L2能引起大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌发生凝集反应,这说明RfPGRP-L2能够识别这两种细菌。当RfPGRP-L2被干扰后,红棕象甲4龄幼虫对肠道和血淋巴中感染EGFP标记的大肠杆菌的清除能力显著弱于对照组;肠道中抗菌肽基因RfCecropin的表达量显著降低;健康红棕象甲4龄幼虫肠道中细菌的菌落数量显著高于对照组,而且肠道菌群结构组成也发生了明显的变化。【结论】红棕象甲体内胞质型肽聚糖识别蛋白RfPGRP-L2能够通过识别细菌并激活肠上皮细胞中相应的免疫信号通路促进抗菌肽基因的表达,从而介导对肠道菌群稳态的调控。
Keyword ：
免疫反应 免疫反应 免疫稳态 免疫稳态 红棕象甲 红棕象甲 肠道菌群 肠道菌群 肽聚糖识别蛋白 肽聚糖识别蛋白 表达谱 表达谱
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| GB/T 7714 | 肖蓉 , 王兴红 , 李雄伟 et al. 胞质型肽聚糖识别蛋白RfPGRP-L2在维持红棕象甲肠道菌群稳态中的作用 [J]. | 昆虫学报 , 2021 , 64 (03) : 348-362 . |
| MLA | 肖蓉 et al. "胞质型肽聚糖识别蛋白RfPGRP-L2在维持红棕象甲肠道菌群稳态中的作用" . | 昆虫学报 64 . 03 (2021) : 348-362 . |
| APA | 肖蓉 , 王兴红 , 李雄伟 , 刘惠惠 , 鲁盛平 , 侯有明 et al. 胞质型肽聚糖识别蛋白RfPGRP-L2在维持红棕象甲肠道菌群稳态中的作用 . | 昆虫学报 , 2021 , 64 (03) , 348-362 . |
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Spatzle (Spz) is a dimeric ligand that responds to the Gram-positive bacterial or fungal infection by binding Toll receptors to induce the secretion of antimicrobial peptides. However, whether the Toll-like signaling pathway mediates the innate immunity of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus to modulate the homeostasis of gut microbiota has not been determined. In this study, we found that a Spz homolog, RfSpatzle, is a secretory protein comprising a signal peptide and a conservative Spz domain. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that RfSpatzle was significantly induced to be expressed in the fat body and gut by the systemic and oral infection with pathogenic microbes. The expression levels of two antimicrobial peptide genes, RfColeoptericin and RfCecropin, were downregulated significantly by RfSpatzle knockdown, indicating that their secretion is under the regulation of the RfSpatzle-mediated signaling pathway. After being challenged by pathogenic microbes, the cumulative mortality rate of RfSpatzle-silenced individuals was drastically increased as compared to that of the controls. Further analysis indicated that these larvae possessed the diminished antibacterial activity. Moreover, RfSpatzle knockdown altered the relative abundance of gut bacteria at the phylum and family levels. Taken together, these findings suggest that RfSpatzle is involved in RPW immunity to confer protection and maintain the homeostasis of gut microbiota by mediating the production of antimicrobial peptides.
Keyword ：
antimicrobial peptides antimicrobial peptides gut microbiota gut microbiota Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Spatzle Spatzle toll pathway toll pathway
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| GB/T 7714 | Muhammad, Abrar , Habineza, Prosper , Wang, Xinghong et al. Spatzle Homolog-Mediated Toll-Like Pathway Regulates Innate Immune Responses to Maintain the Homeostasis of Gut Microbiota in the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) [J]. | FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY , 2020 , 11 . |
| MLA | Muhammad, Abrar et al. "Spatzle Homolog-Mediated Toll-Like Pathway Regulates Innate Immune Responses to Maintain the Homeostasis of Gut Microbiota in the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)" . | FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY 11 (2020) . |
| APA | Muhammad, Abrar , Habineza, Prosper , Wang, Xinghong , Xiao, Rong , Ji, Tianliang , Hou, Youming et al. Spatzle Homolog-Mediated Toll-Like Pathway Regulates Innate Immune Responses to Maintain the Homeostasis of Gut Microbiota in the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) . | FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY , 2020 , 11 . |
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昆虫肠道中栖息着真菌、病毒、细菌、原生动物和古菌等种类繁多、数量庞大的微生物,总称为肠道微生物群。其中,细菌是最主要的类群,统称为肠道菌群。一方面,肠道菌群广泛参与了宿主昆虫的生长发育、免疫防御与器官稳态维持、抗药性的产生、逆境抗性和社会行为等众多关键生理过程。另一方面,昆虫的肠道免疫系统中有一套精细的调控机制来维持宿主与其肠道菌群之间的共生关系。高通量测序技术与组学技术的发展和应用极大地促进了对昆虫体内微生物群的结构与功能的认识和理解,并明显提高了人类对昆虫微生物资源的利用能力。本文综合介绍了关于昆虫肠道菌群的组成、功能及其与宿主互作机理等方面的研究现状,并在此基础上对昆虫耐受与调控其肠道菌群稳态的机理研究及其相关的应用前景进行了展望。
Keyword ：
入侵害虫 入侵害虫 共生 共生 害虫综合治理 害虫综合治理 昆虫免疫 昆虫免疫 肠道菌群 肠道菌群
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| GB/T 7714 | 石章红 , 侯有明 . 昆虫与其肠道菌群互作机理的研究进展及其在害虫管理中的应用前景 [J]. | 环境昆虫学报 , 2020 , 42 (04) : 798-805 . |
| MLA | 石章红 et al. "昆虫与其肠道菌群互作机理的研究进展及其在害虫管理中的应用前景" . | 环境昆虫学报 42 . 04 (2020) : 798-805 . |
| APA | 石章红 , 侯有明 . 昆虫与其肠道菌群互作机理的研究进展及其在害虫管理中的应用前景 . | 环境昆虫学报 , 2020 , 42 (04) , 798-805 . |
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The immune system of animals, including insects, is the vital factor to maintain the symbiotic interactions between animals and their associated microbes. However, the effects of gut microbiota on insect immunity remain mostly elusive. Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is a destructive pest of palm trees worldwide, which has forged alliances with its gut microbiota. Here, we found that the aposymbiotic insects succumbed at a significantly faster rate than conventionally reared (CR) ones upon bacterial infection. Physiological assays confirmed that CR insects had stronger antimicrobial activity and higher phenoloxidase activity in contrast to germfree (GF) ones, indicating that the systemic immune responses of GF individuals were compromised markedly. Interestingly, under the bacterial challenge conditions, the reassociation of gut microbiota with GF insects could enhance their survival rate by rescuing their immunocompetence. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome analysis uncovered that 35 immune-related genes, including pathogen recognition receptors, effectors and immune signaling pathway, were significantly downregulated in GF insects as compared to CR ones. Collectively, our findings corrobate that intestinal commensal bacteria have profound immunostimulatory effects on RPW larvae. Therefore, knowledge on the effects of gut microbiota on RPW immune defenses may contribute to of set up efficient control strategies of this pest.
Keyword ：
gut microbiota gut microbiota insect immunity insect immunity invasive biology invasive biology Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Rhynchophorus ferrugineus symbiosis symbiosis
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| GB/T 7714 | Muhammad, Abrar , Habineza, Prosper , Ji, Tianliang et al. Intestinal Microbiota Confer Protection by Priming the Immune System of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) [J]. | FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY , 2019 , 10 . |
| MLA | Muhammad, Abrar et al. "Intestinal Microbiota Confer Protection by Priming the Immune System of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)" . | FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY 10 (2019) . |
| APA | Muhammad, Abrar , Habineza, Prosper , Ji, Tianliang , Hou, Youming , Shi, Zhanghong . Intestinal Microbiota Confer Protection by Priming the Immune System of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) . | FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY , 2019 , 10 . |
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Abstract ：
Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is a destructive pest for palm trees worldwide. Recent studies have shown that RPW gut is colonized by microbes and alterations in gut microbiota can significantly modify its hemolymph nutrition content. However, the exact effects of gut microbiota on RPW phenotype and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here germ-free (GE) RPW larvae were generated from dechorionated eggs which were reared on sterilized artificial food under axenic conditions. Compared with controls, the larval development of GF RPW individuals was markedly depressed and their body mass was reduced as well. Furthermore, the content of hemolymph protein, glucose and triglyceride were dropped significantly in GF RPW larvae. Interestingly, introducing gut microbiota into GF individuals could significantly increase the levels of the three nutrition indices. Additionally, it has also been demonstrated that RPW larvae monoassociated with Lactococcus lactis exhibited the same level of protein content with the CR (conventionally reared) insects while feeding Enterobacter cloacae to GF larvae increased their hemolymph triglyceride and glucose content markedly. Consequently, our findings suggest that gut microbiota profoundly affect the development of this pest by regulating its nutrition metabolism and different gut bacterial species show distinct impact on host physiology. Taken together, the establishment of GF and gnotobiotic RPW larvae will advance the elucidation of molecular mechanisms behind the interactions between RPW and its gut microbiota.
Keyword ：
germ-free larvae germ-free larvae gut microbiota gut microbiota insect symbiosis insect symbiosis nutrition metabolism nutrition metabolism Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Rhynchophorus ferrugineus symbiotic invasion symbiotic invasion
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| GB/T 7714 | Habineza, Prosper , Muhammad, Abrar , Ji, Tianliang et al. The Promoting Effect of Gut Microbiota on Growth and Development of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) by Modulating Its Nutritional Metabolism [J]. | FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY , 2019 , 10 . |
| MLA | Habineza, Prosper et al. "The Promoting Effect of Gut Microbiota on Growth and Development of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) by Modulating Its Nutritional Metabolism" . | FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY 10 (2019) . |
| APA | Habineza, Prosper , Muhammad, Abrar , Ji, Tianliang , Xiao, Rong , Yin, Xianyuan , Hou, Youming et al. The Promoting Effect of Gut Microbiota on Growth and Development of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) by Modulating Its Nutritional Metabolism . | FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY , 2019 , 10 . |
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