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学者姓名：陶永新
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Abstract ：
Blue light, as a crucial environmental factor, can regulate the morphological development of macro fungi. The receptor WCC (white collar complex) has been found to play a role in controlling fruiting body elongation, but another important receptor, cryptochrome, was easily overlooked its important role. In this study, we investigated the overall impacts of cryptochrome gene ( FfCry ) knockdown on the morphological development of fruiting bodies and its downstream regulation of metabolic activities in Flammulina filiformis. Two knockdown strains FfCry-kd8 and FfCry-kd13 were constructed to explore the morphological changes after FfCry knockdown. The results showed that the number of primordia of FfCry-kd8 and FfCry-kd13 was reduced by 33.6 % and 38.0 %. Obviously, FfCry-kd8 and FfCry-kd13 showed much shorter and finer stipes (With stipe lengths reduced by 51.8 % and 55.1 %, and stipe diameters by 43.4 % and 34.6 %), compared with wild type (WT). Especially, two FfCry-kd transformants showed much smaller pileus than WT (diameter was decreased by 52.6 % and 55.9 %), meaning that FfCry knockdown inhibited the pileus opening. RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis identified that 216 genes were up-regulated and 164 genes were down-regulated after FfCry knockdown. The FfCry gene knockdown primarily activated the glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase, peptide receptor, and beta- alanine metabolic pathways; while mainly inhibiting starch and sucrose metabolism, as well as various N-polymer biosynthesis and sphingolipid metabolism, etc. These metabolic pathways played important roles in the formation of cell walls and the fluidity of cell membranes. The results clearly demonstrate the significant changes in the fruiting body morphology of F. filiformis in the case of partial loss of FfCry function. This finding holds guiding significance for the scientific utilization of blue light to regulate the commercial characteristics of mushrooms.
Keyword ：
Blue light Blue light Cell wall Cell wall Cryptochrome Cryptochrome Flammulina filiformis Flammulina filiformis Pileus opening Pileus opening Stipe elongation Stipe elongation
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| GB/T 7714 | Wei, Shiyun , Jia, Hui , Zhao, Honglei et al. Blue light receptor cryptochrome determines primordia formation, fruiting body development and pileus opening in macro mushroom Flammulina filiformis [J]. | SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE , 2025 , 339 . |
| MLA | Wei, Shiyun et al. "Blue light receptor cryptochrome determines primordia formation, fruiting body development and pileus opening in macro mushroom Flammulina filiformis" . | SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE 339 (2025) . |
| APA | Wei, Shiyun , Jia, Hui , Zhao, Honglei , Ju, Huiming , Li, Hui , Xu, Chang et al. Blue light receptor cryptochrome determines primordia formation, fruiting body development and pileus opening in macro mushroom Flammulina filiformis . | SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE , 2025 , 339 . |
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The fruiting bodies of macrofungi exhibit diverse coloration, traditionally attributed to melanin and carotenoid biosynthesis. This study is the first to reveal that flavonoids, rather than these classical pigments, are the predominant contributors to yellow pigmentation in the Flammulina filiformis. To uncover the genetic basis and key regulatory genes involved in pigment formation in F. filiformis fruiting bodies, and to establish a model framework for studying color genetics in macrofungi. Metabolomic profiling was conducted on yellow and white F. filiformis fruiting bodies to identify key pigment components. A segregating population was constructed, followed by integrated multi-omics analyses-including bulk segregant analysis (BSA), genome-wide association study (GWAS), and transcriptomics-to map regulatory loci and candidate genes. Functional roles were validated via genetic transformation and protein structural modeling. Flavonoid accumulation was identified as the biochemical hallmark of pigmented fruiting bodies. Genetic analysis revealed a dual regulatory mechanism: a qualitative locus governing pigmentation presence and a quantitative trait determining color intensity. Combined BSA and GWAS pinpointed a major locus, Ffcrs, within a recombination-suppressed region. Transcriptomic analysis identified two key regulators, Ffakr (a transcriptional activator) and Ffpal (encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase). Functional verification via transformation, structural modeling, and metabolite profiling in transgenic lines confirmed their essential roles in flavonoid biosynthesis and pigmentation. This study uncovers a flavonoid-based pigmentation mechanism in F. filiformis and elucidates a complex genetic architecture shaped by both qualitative and quantitative loci, providing a new paradigm for understanding pigment formation in macrofungi. The identified regulatory factors establish a molecular foundation for the precise manipulation of economically important pigmentation traits in edible mushroom.
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhi-Wen Lv , Jin-Xiang Zhang , Meng-Han Nie et al. Dual genetic loci and flavonoid metabolism orchestrate fruiting body coloration in Flammulina filiformis: a multi-omic roadmap for fungal pigmentation. [J]. | Journal of advanced research , 2025 . |
| MLA | Zhi-Wen Lv et al. "Dual genetic loci and flavonoid metabolism orchestrate fruiting body coloration in Flammulina filiformis: a multi-omic roadmap for fungal pigmentation." . | Journal of advanced research (2025) . |
| APA | Zhi-Wen Lv , Jin-Xiang Zhang , Meng-Han Nie , Chuan-Zheng Wei , Tuo Zhang , Fei Liu et al. Dual genetic loci and flavonoid metabolism orchestrate fruiting body coloration in Flammulina filiformis: a multi-omic roadmap for fungal pigmentation. . | Journal of advanced research , 2025 . |
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金针菇Flammulina filiformis是受《植物新品种保护名录》保护的食用菌之一，品种的知识产权保护受到高度重视，迫切需要准确、可靠、稳定和可操作性强的品种鉴别技术为品种知识产权保护提供技术支撑。本研究利用42株金针菇菌株基因组重测序数据构建了包含428个多核苷酸多态性(MNP)分子标记的数据库，并对试验菌株之间的遗传相似度进行分析。结果显示来自国内金针菇企业所用的12个菌株遗传相似度均为100%，暗示国内金针菇生产品种高度同质化；而12个野生菌株间的遗传相似度介于0.23%–29.44%之间(除F17与F18的相似度为100%外)，体现了野生金针菇具有丰富的遗传多样性。此外，MNP分子标记的鉴别结果还与拮抗实验和ISSR分子标记的结果进行了比较，体现出MNP分子标记菌株鉴别技术的灵敏度高、稳定性好、工作量小的优势，因此可为我国金针菇品种知识产权保护提供技术支撑。
Keyword ：
ISSR分子标记 ISSR分子标记 二代测序 二代测序 拮抗反应 拮抗反应 遗传相似度 遗传相似度
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| GB/T 7714 | 吕志文 , 杨环 , 魏传正 et al. 金针菇MNP分子标记菌株鉴别技术建立 [J]. | 菌物学报 , 2024 , 43 (01) : 22-38 . |
| MLA | 吕志文 et al. "金针菇MNP分子标记菌株鉴别技术建立" . | 菌物学报 43 . 01 (2024) : 22-38 . |
| APA | 吕志文 , 杨环 , 魏传正 , 叶新怡 , 何小钰 , 陶永新 et al. 金针菇MNP分子标记菌株鉴别技术建立 . | 菌物学报 , 2024 , 43 (01) , 22-38 . |
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为筛选南方黑木耳（Auricularia heimuer）栽培时接种后的菌袋在遮阳棚内的最佳摆放模式，在初始摆放模式为“一”字型条件下，测量“一”字型不翻堆（Ⅰ）、“一”字型翻堆（Ⅱ）、“#”字型不翻堆（Ⅲ）不同部位（顶层、中层和底层）菌袋内的温度和产量；测定20、25、30、35、40℃黑木耳菌丝在培养皿内的生长速度和与菌丝活力相关的代谢酶（漆酶和脱氢酶）活性。结果显示：在实验范围内，Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的中层和底层菌袋日低温平均为30、28～31、24℃，菌袋间温度稳定性从高到低依次为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ；平均单袋产量从高到低依次为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ；在30、35℃时，菌丝生长速度较快，酶活性较高；“一”字型不翻堆模式有助于维持发菌期间菌袋的温度稳定性，其菌丝活力和产量较高。
Keyword ：
温度稳定性 温度稳定性 菌丝活力 菌丝活力 设施栽培 设施栽培 黑木耳 黑木耳
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| GB/T 7714 | 樊佳豪 , 彭传尧 , 陈高汕 et al. 不同摆袋模式对黑木耳菌袋温度稳定性和产量的影响 [J]. | 食用菌学报 , 2024 , 31 (01) : 53-61 . |
| MLA | 樊佳豪 et al. "不同摆袋模式对黑木耳菌袋温度稳定性和产量的影响" . | 食用菌学报 31 . 01 (2024) : 53-61 . |
| APA | 樊佳豪 , 彭传尧 , 陈高汕 , 王圣铕 , 杨彬 , 王致钦 et al. 不同摆袋模式对黑木耳菌袋温度稳定性和产量的影响 . | 食用菌学报 , 2024 , 31 (01) , 53-61 . |
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光照是地球上最重要的环境因子之一,影响几乎所有生物的生长发育。真菌虽然没有光合作用,但光照对大型真菌的形态建成和物质代谢起重要作用,尤以蓝光的作用效果最为显著。本研究以食用菌金针菇作为担子菌代表,系统研究了多胺代谢通路中的关键基因介导蓝光调控金针菇形态发育和赖氨酸生物合成的分子机理。研究结果显示:蓝光照射显著提高金针菇的整齐度和产量,以及赖氨酸的含量。构建金针菇赖氨酸生物合成通路,发现其通路第七步的酵母氨酸还原酶基因Sr与多胺代谢通路中亚精胺合酶基因Spds形成天然融合基因SpdsSr。经过PCR验证和转录本可变剪切分析,FfSpdsSr在金针菇中有唯一的转录本。进一步进化分析发现:担子菌中均为SpdsSr融合形式,而子囊菌、壶菌和卵菌中Spds和Sr为两个独立分开的基因。对粗糙脉孢菌15个RNA-Seq数据集进行分析,发现粗糙脉孢菌中Nc Spds和Nc Sr具有高度相似的共表达模式。通过遗传转化和酵母单杂交实验证明,蓝光通过光受体WCC调控C2H2转录因子,C2H2转录因子结合融合基因SpdsSr的启动子区直接调控其转录,进而协同调控胞内亚精胺和赖氨酸的生物合成,从而调控金针菇子实体的形成和菌柄伸长。本研究结果构建了"蓝光-光受体-C2H2转录因子-多胺和赖氨酸代谢-生长发育"的真菌光生物调控模型,为合理使用光照提高金针菇产量和品质提供理论依据。
Keyword ：
光调控 光调控 多胺代谢 多胺代谢 形态发育 形态发育 赖氨酸代谢 赖氨酸代谢 金针菇 金针菇
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| GB/T 7714 | 陶永新 , 李建 , 杨亚永 et al. 多胺代谢介导蓝光调控金针菇生长发育的分子机理 [C] //中国菌物学会2024年学术年会 . 2024 . |
| MLA | 陶永新 et al. "多胺代谢介导蓝光调控金针菇生长发育的分子机理" 中国菌物学会2024年学术年会 . (2024) . |
| APA | 陶永新 , 李建 , 杨亚永 , 徐欣宇 , 宋寒冰 , 谢宝贵 . 多胺代谢介导蓝光调控金针菇生长发育的分子机理 中国菌物学会2024年学术年会 . (2024) . |
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Flammulina filiformis, a representative umbelliferous fungus, has a long stipe and high L-lysine content, thus is widely cultivated and consumed. Currently, there is a lack of theoretical guidance on how to better use light to cultivate edible fungi without photosynthesis such as F. filiformis in industrialized cultivation. Previous studies have found that blue light can affect the yield and L-lysine content of F. filiformis. The primary focus of this work was the phytochrome PHY in the light signaling pathway and its role in F. filiformis production. Unlike plants in which the expression of PHY was activated by only red light, it was found that different visible lights (including red, blue, green, and white light) can stimulate the up-regulation of FfPhy transcript levels. Throughout the developmental stages of F. filiformis, the transcript level of FfPhy was significantly up-regulated during the formation of fruiting body and in the stipe in the elongation stage. Further, FfPhy knockdown strain showed the markedly shorter stipe length than WT, resulting in a significantly reduced yield. RNA-Seq analysis showed that the most genes in MAPK signaling pathway and its downstream regulatory processes, mainly focusing on cell division and cell wall remodeling, were down-regulated after FfPhy knockdown. It suggested that FfPhy regulates the fruiting body elongation through acting on cell division and cell wall remodeling, thereby affecting the morphological development of the stipe rather than the pileus. Interestingly, FfPhy knockdown also inhibits the accumulation of L-lysine content by promoting L-lysine degradation instead of inhibiting L-lysine biosynthesis, indicating that its influence extends to metabolic processes related to L-lysine metabolism. These findings provide new insights into photobiological effect of FfPhy in macrofungus F. filiformis, and have potential guiding significance for cultivation and breeding to increase mushroom yield and L-lysine content.
Keyword ：
Cell division Cell division Cell wall remodeling Cell wall remodeling Flammulina filiformis Flammulina filiformis L -lysine catabolism L -lysine catabolism Phytochrome Phytochrome Stipe elongation Stipe elongation
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Yizhao , Ju, Huimin , Li, Hui et al. Light and phytochrome PHY control the production of edible fungus Flammulina filiformis by regulating the morphogenesis of fruiting bodies and L-lysine accumulation [J]. | JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY , 2024 , 261 . |
| MLA | Chen, Yizhao et al. "Light and phytochrome PHY control the production of edible fungus Flammulina filiformis by regulating the morphogenesis of fruiting bodies and L-lysine accumulation" . | JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 261 (2024) . |
| APA | Chen, Yizhao , Ju, Huimin , Li, Hui , Xu, Chang , Jia, Hui , Xian, Lijun et al. Light and phytochrome PHY control the production of edible fungus Flammulina filiformis by regulating the morphogenesis of fruiting bodies and L-lysine accumulation . | JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY , 2024 , 261 . |
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Proteins from Flammulina filiformis were prepared by sodium chloride extraction and fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation with increasing saturation degrees to obtain the protein fractions Ffsp-30, Ffsp-50, Ffsp-70, Ffsp-90, and Ffp-90. Among these protein fractions, Ffsp-50 possessed the most significant cytotoxic effect against three human gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, viz. HT-29, SGC-7901, and HepG2. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS analyses revealed that flammutoxin (FTX) was present as a dominating protein in Ffsp-50, which was further evidenced by HPLC-MS/MS determination. Furthermore, native FTX was purified from Ffsp-50 with a molecular weight of 26.78 kDa, exhibiting notable cytotoxicity against gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. Both Ffsp-50 and FTX exposure could enhance intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and induce significant apoptosis in HepG2 cells. FTX was identified to be relatively conserved in basidiomycetes according to phylogenetic analysis, and its expression was highly upregulated in the primordium as well as the pileus of the fruiting body from the elongation and maturation stages, as compared with that in mycelium. Taken together, FTX could remarkably inhibit cell growth and induce ROS and apoptosis in HepG2 cells, potentially participating in the growth and development of the fruiting body. These findings from our investigation provided insight into the antigastrointestinal cancer activity of FTX, which could serve as a biological source of health-promoting and biomedical applications.
Keyword ：
apoptosis apoptosis Flammulina filiformis Flammulina filiformis flammutoxin flammutoxin gastrointestinal cancer gastrointestinal cancer reactive oxygen species reactive oxygen species
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Jianguo , Nong, Yu , Chen, Bingzhi et al. Flammutoxin, a Degradation Product of Transepithelial Electrical Resistance-Decreasing Protein, Induces Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells [J]. | FOODS , 2024 , 13 (1) . |
| MLA | Wu, Jianguo et al. "Flammutoxin, a Degradation Product of Transepithelial Electrical Resistance-Decreasing Protein, Induces Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells" . | FOODS 13 . 1 (2024) . |
| APA | Wu, Jianguo , Nong, Yu , Chen, Bingzhi , Jiang, Yuji , Chen, Yuanhao , Wei, Chuanzheng et al. Flammutoxin, a Degradation Product of Transepithelial Electrical Resistance-Decreasing Protein, Induces Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells . | FOODS , 2024 , 13 (1) . |
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子实体颜色是金针菇的一个重要商品性状,品种可分为白色品系和黄色品系。黄色品种与白色品种杂交,F1代的单孢菌株与另一白色品种的单孢菌株测交,F2代群体子实体黄色与白色的比例为1:1,符合质量性状的特征,黄色对白色显性。F1代的单孢菌株与另一黄色品种的单孢菌株测交,F2代群体子实体均为黄色,颜色深浅不一,呈现连续分布,符合数量性状的特征。因此,金针菇子实体颜色由2个单位性状构成,即子实体颜色有无、黄颜色深浅,前者为质量性状、后者为数量性状。BSA法分析筛选出2个紧密连锁的控制子实体颜色有无的开关基因,即苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因(Ffpal)和醛酮还原酶基因(Ffakr),克隆黄色品种的Ffpal和Ffakr基因分别转化白色品种,转化子出菇子实体为黄色,分子对接和代谢组数据分析推测醛酮还原酶具有苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性,它们可能是同工酶。转录组分析筛选出11个调控子实体颜色深浅的相关基因,选取其中的酪氨酸酶基因(Fftyr)和细胞色素P450基因(Ffp450)进行研究,在黄色品种中分别对Fftyr和Ffp450基因的表达进行干扰,转化子的基因表达量显著降低、菇体颜色变浅。转化子非靶向代谢组分析表明,金针菇子实体颜色可能由黄酮类物质呈现。
Keyword ：
单位性状 单位性状 基因功能鉴定 基因功能鉴定 数量性状 数量性状 质量性状 质量性状
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| GB/T 7714 | 吕志文 , 陶永新 , 江玉姬 et al. 金针菇子实体颜色的二单位性状遗传模型及其关键基因 [C] //中国菌物学会2024年学术年会 . 2024 . |
| MLA | 吕志文 et al. "金针菇子实体颜色的二单位性状遗传模型及其关键基因" 中国菌物学会2024年学术年会 . (2024) . |
| APA | 吕志文 , 陶永新 , 江玉姬 , 刘芳 , 谢宝贵 . 金针菇子实体颜色的二单位性状遗传模型及其关键基因 中国菌物学会2024年学术年会 . (2024) . |
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香气作为影响食用菌观赏价值和食用感官的重要因素之一,是由挥发性次级代谢物决定的基本感官特征,具有高度复杂的特性。实验室前期采集到一株具有"果香味"金针菇(FYX),通过对普通金针菇(JHH)和FYX的RNA-seq和挥发性代谢组分析,共筛选到1749个DEGs和69种差异VOCs。其中,差异基因显著富集到萜类、氨基酸类、脂肪酸类等挥发性有机化合物合成途径;差异VOCs主要富集在萜类、醇类、醛类等物质合成通路。对RNA-seq和挥发性代谢组联合分析发现倍半萜、三萜生物、脂肪酸合成通路被显著富集,暗示它们可能是FYX呈现特殊气味主要物质。进一步,对相关通路中关键节点基因(v5-203091,v5-212765)进行沉默,结果显示许多差异VOCs含量降低,包括萜类和脂肪酸类等次级代谢物,证明萜类和脂肪酸类是FYX具有"果香味"重要组成物质。此外,还发现细胞色素P450基因(v5-213842)对挥发性代谢物起着全局调控的作用。该研究揭示"果香味"金针菇的香气物质及其生物合成的相关基因,为选育具有特殊香气金针菇或其它食用菌新品种提供分子标靶。
Keyword ：
代谢调控 代谢调控 脂肪酸 脂肪酸 萜类 萜类 金针菇 金针菇 香气成分 香气成分
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| GB/T 7714 | 李建 , 钟应丽 , 陶永新 . 果香味金针菇的香气成分鉴定及其代谢调控基因挖掘 [C] //中国菌物学会2024年学术年会 . 2024 . |
| MLA | 李建 et al. "果香味金针菇的香气成分鉴定及其代谢调控基因挖掘" 中国菌物学会2024年学术年会 . (2024) . |
| APA | 李建 , 钟应丽 , 陶永新 . 果香味金针菇的香气成分鉴定及其代谢调控基因挖掘 中国菌物学会2024年学术年会 . (2024) . |
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子实体颜色是金针菇的一个重要商品性状,品种可分为白色品系和黄色品系。黄色品种与白色品种杂交,F1代的单孢菌株与另一白色品种的单孢菌株测交,F2代群体子实体黄色与白色的比例为1:1,符合质量性状的特征,黄色对白色显性。F1代的单孢菌株与另一黄色品种的单孢菌株测交,F2代群体子实体均为黄色,颜色深浅不一,呈现连续分布,符合数量性状的特征。因此,金针菇子实体颜色由2个单位性状构成,即子实体颜色有无、黄颜色深浅,前者为质量性状、后者为数量性状。BSA法分析筛选出2个紧密连锁的控制子实体颜色有无的开关基因,即苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因(Ffpal)和醛酮还原酶基因(Ffakr),克隆黄色品种的Ffpal和Ffakr基因分别转化白色品种,转化子出菇子实体为黄色,分子对接和代谢组数据分析推测醛酮还原酶具有苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性,它们可能是同工酶。转录组分析筛选出11个调控子实体颜色深浅的相关基因,选取其中的酪氨酸酶基因(Fftyr)和细胞色素P450基因(Ffp450)进行研究,在黄色品种中分别对Fftyr和Ffp450基因的表达进行干扰,转化子的基因表达量显著降低、菇体颜色变浅。转化子非靶向代谢组分析表明,金针菇子实体颜色可能由黄酮类物质呈现。
Keyword ：
单位性状 单位性状 基因功能鉴定 基因功能鉴定 数量性状 数量性状 质量性状 质量性状
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| GB/T 7714 | 吕志文 , 陶永新 , 江玉姬 et al. 金针菇子实体颜色的二单位性状遗传模型及其关键基因 [C] . 2024 : 267-267 . |
| MLA | 吕志文 et al. "金针菇子实体颜色的二单位性状遗传模型及其关键基因" . (2024) : 267-267 . |
| APA | 吕志文 , 陶永新 , 江玉姬 , 刘芳 , 谢宝贵 . 金针菇子实体颜色的二单位性状遗传模型及其关键基因 . (2024) : 267-267 . |
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