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学者姓名：何宗明
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Abstract ：
本申请公开了一种基于削度方程的杉木无节材出材量和出材率的估算方法、装置、设备、介质及产品，涉及林木培育技术领域，该方法基于杉木无节材数据，根据杉木最佳削度方程模型，估算杉木树干高度和杉木树干直径，确定杉木修枝高度和杉木修枝强度；杉木无节材包括杉木无节板材和杉木无节柱材；基于杉木修枝强度与杉木修枝高度，确定杉木无节材出材量；基于杉木无节材出材量，确定杉木无节材出材率，以解决只能对正常林木的出材量和出材率进行估算，限制多，尤其针对缺陷的林木，杉木无节材出材量以及出材率评估误差大的问题。
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| GB/T 7714 | 李明 , 陈凤林 , 彭俊 et al. 一种基于削度方程的杉木无节材出材量和出材率的估算方法、装置、设备、介质及产品 : CN202510575393.7[P]. | 2025-05-06 . |
| MLA | 李明 et al. "一种基于削度方程的杉木无节材出材量和出材率的估算方法、装置、设备、介质及产品" : CN202510575393.7. | 2025-05-06 . |
| APA | 李明 , 陈凤林 , 彭俊 , 孙帅超 , 何宗明 , 吴鹏飞 et al. 一种基于削度方程的杉木无节材出材量和出材率的估算方法、装置、设备、介质及产品 : CN202510575393.7. | 2025-05-06 . |
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本发明属于林木技术领域，具体涉及一种杉木无节板材的定向培育方法。本发明所述杉木无节板材的定向培育方法通过限定杉木林地地位指数、对目标杉木进行修枝处理、分次间伐、主伐等一系列关键技术，为杉木无节板材定向培育提供科学依据。实施例结果表明，采用本发明所述方法，在幼龄阶段对目标杉木进行修枝处理，可提高杉木的饱满度以及木材顺纹抗压强度，提高杉木大径级无节板材的出材率，并且不会显著降低杉木木材的物理力学性质。
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| GB/T 7714 | 李明 , 陈凤林 , 张娅静 et al. 一种杉木无节板材的定向培育方法 : CN202411967651.8[P]. | 2024-12-30 . |
| MLA | 李明 et al. "一种杉木无节板材的定向培育方法" : CN202411967651.8. | 2024-12-30 . |
| APA | 李明 , 陈凤林 , 张娅静 , 钟旻宸 , 何宗明 , 吴鹏飞 et al. 一种杉木无节板材的定向培育方法 : CN202411967651.8. | 2024-12-30 . |
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The prolonged retention of senescent branches and needles (canopy litter) in Cunninghamia lanceolata canopies is an evolutionary adaptation, yet its impacts on stand microenvironment and understory succession remain poorly quantified. To address this gap, we conducted a 5-year field experiment across six planting densities (1800, 2400, 3000, 3600, 4200, and 4800 treesha(-1)), aiming to evaluate the effects of canopy litter removal on canopy structure, forest light environment, and understory biodiversity. Results demonstrated that leaf area index (LAI) and mean tilt angle of the leaf (MTA) significantly increased with density (p < 0.05), leading to marked reductions in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and light transmittance (T). Canopy litter removal significantly reduced LAI across all densities after 4-5 years (p < 0.05) and consistently enhanced PPFD and transmittance (p < 0.01). MTA and light quality parameters (red:blue and red:far-red ratios) both exhibited variable responses to litter removal, driven by density and time interactions, with effects diminishing over time. Understory vegetation diversity exhibited pronounced temporal dynamics and density-dependent responses to canopy litter removal, with increases in species richness (S), Simpson diversity (D), and Shannon-Wiener diversity (H), while Pielou Evenness (J) responded more variably. The most notable increase in species richness occurred in the 4th year, when 21 new species were recorded, largely due to the expansion of light-demanding bamboos (e.g., Indocalamus tessellatus and Pleioblastus amarus), heliophilic grasses (e.g., Lophatherum gracile) and pioneer ferns (e.g., Pteris dispar and Microlepia hancei). Correlation analyses confirmed PPFD as a key positive driver of all diversity indices (p < 0.01), whereas LAI was significantly negatively correlated with PPFD, light transmittance, and understory diversity (p < 0.01). These findings demonstrate that strategic management of canopy litter incorporating stand density regulation can improve understory light availability, thereby facilitating heliophilic species recruitment and biodiversity enhancement in subtropical coniferous plantations.
Keyword ：
canopy structure canopy structure Cunninghamia lanceolata Cunninghamia lanceolata light conditions light conditions marcescent species marcescent species species richness species richness stand density stand density understory diversity understory diversity
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhou, Lili , Zhang, Lixian , Liu, Qi et al. Effects of Canopy Litter Removal on Canopy Structure, Understory Light and Vegetation Dynamics in Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations of Varying Densities [J]. | PLANTS-BASEL , 2025 , 14 (20) . |
| MLA | Zhou, Lili et al. "Effects of Canopy Litter Removal on Canopy Structure, Understory Light and Vegetation Dynamics in Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations of Varying Densities" . | PLANTS-BASEL 14 . 20 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhou, Lili , Zhang, Lixian , Liu, Qi , Chen, Yulong , He, Zongming , Li, Shubin et al. Effects of Canopy Litter Removal on Canopy Structure, Understory Light and Vegetation Dynamics in Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations of Varying Densities . | PLANTS-BASEL , 2025 , 14 (20) . |
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研究不同修枝强度对杉木节子属性的影响，对指导提高木材质量、优化林业经营管理等修枝措施具有重要作用。采用随机区组设计，对4年生杉木人工林实施不同修枝强度试验(即每年修枝至树干直径6、8、10、12 cm,直至树干修枝净高度达7 m,未修枝木为对照CK)。修枝22 a后，选取不同修枝强度的平均标准木15株并砍倒，截取7 m以下树干运回实验室，切割了105个节子解析圆盘进行剖析，对节子的长度、直径、角度及健全节和疏松节的长度进行测量并比较其差异。结果表明，节子长度和健全节长度排序均为修枝强度6 cm<8 cm<10 cm<12 cm
Keyword ：
修枝强度 修枝强度 健全节长度 健全节长度 杉木 杉木 疏松节长度 疏松节长度 节子直径 节子直径 节子角度 节子角度 节子长度 节子长度
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| GB/T 7714 | 阮颖超 , 何宗明 , 范少辉 et al. 修枝强度对杉木人工林节子属性的影响 [J]. | 森林与环境学报 , 2024 , 44 (04) : 423-430 . |
| MLA | 阮颖超 et al. "修枝强度对杉木人工林节子属性的影响" . | 森林与环境学报 44 . 04 (2024) : 423-430 . |
| APA | 阮颖超 , 何宗明 , 范少辉 , 陈志云 , 马祥庆 , 董强 . 修枝强度对杉木人工林节子属性的影响 . | 森林与环境学报 , 2024 , 44 (04) , 423-430 . |
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【目的】研究不同修枝强度对杉木无节材形成及质量的影响，为确定杉木大径级无节良材培育的合理修枝强度提供科学依据。【方法】采用随机区组设计，对4年生杉木人工林进行不同修枝强度试验（每年修枝至树干直径6、8、10和12 cm，直至树干修枝净高度达7 m时停止修枝，未修枝木为对照）。在修枝22年后，调查林木生长情况；选取各修枝强度的平均标准木共计30株并砍倒，截取7 m以下树干运回实验室，测定树干饱满度；然后采用锯板法、旋切法切割树干，测定节疤的数量、长径和短径，并统计无节材积比例、无节单板数量比例和节疤体积比例。【结果】胸径和单株材积均有随修枝强度增加而显著下降的趋势，但修枝强度对树高无显著影响；修枝强度6 cm的胸径显著小于其余处理，单株材积显著小于修枝强度10 cm、12 cm和对照（CK）；修枝强度8 cm的胸径显著小于修枝强度10 cm和12 cm，单株材积显著小于修枝强度12 cm。在1.3～4.0 m木段，修枝强度6 cm的饱满度显著高于修枝强度10 cm和12 cm；在4～7 m木段，修枝强度8 cm的饱满度显著高于修枝强度10 cm。锯板法的测定结果表明，节疤数量呈随修枝强度增加而显著降低的趋势，节疤长径和短径均随修枝强度增加而降低，修枝强度6 cm的节疤短径显著小于其余处理。旋切法的测定结果表明，节疤的数量、长径和短径均呈随修枝强度增加而显著降低的趋势。无节材积比例和无节单板数量比例均有随修枝强度增加显著提高的趋势，节疤体积比例有随修枝强度增加而显著降低的趋势。4个强度修枝的无节材积比例均显著提高（至少51.1%），无节单板数量比例均显著提高（至少33.25%）。锯板法和旋切法的测定结果一致表明，修枝强度6 cm和8 cm的节疤分布更少更小且无节材比例提升效果更明显，修枝效果排序为修枝强度6 cm>8 cm>10 cm>12 cm>CK。【结论】修枝强度的确定取决于经营目标。若要追求更大的胸径、树高和单株材积生长但对木材质量要求不高时，可选择修枝强度10 cm和12 cm；若要追求更大的树干饱满度、无节材积比例和无节单板数量比例，以及更低的节疤体积比例和更少及更小的节疤的数量、长径和短径，但对生长量要求不高时，可选择修枝强度6 cm和8 cm。
Keyword ：
修枝强度 修枝强度 旋切法 旋切法 无节材 无节材 杉木 杉木 锯板法 锯板法
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| GB/T 7714 | 阮颖超 , 苏比·热西塔洪 , 林熙 et al. 修枝强度对杉木人工林无节材形成及质量的影响 [J]. | 林业科学 , 2024 , 60 (06) : 50-59 . |
| MLA | 阮颖超 et al. "修枝强度对杉木人工林无节材形成及质量的影响" . | 林业科学 60 . 06 (2024) : 50-59 . |
| APA | 阮颖超 , 苏比·热西塔洪 , 林熙 , 李明 , 范少辉 , 冯随起 et al. 修枝强度对杉木人工林无节材形成及质量的影响 . | 林业科学 , 2024 , 60 (06) , 50-59 . |
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为探究修枝处理下幼林杉木节子伤口愈合情况，以福建省邵武卫闽国有林场6年生杉木人工林为研究对象，设计不同修枝强度、保留密度、节子方向、伤口直径、喷漆保护等试验，统计分析修枝20个月后幼林杉木节子的伤口愈合率变化。结果表明：不同修枝强度对幼林杉木节子的横向伤口愈合率有显著影响（P<0.05）,横向伤口愈合率大小依次为10 cm修枝强度>12 cm修枝强度>8 cm修枝强度。保留密度为1 800株·hm
Keyword ：
伤口愈合 伤口愈合 保留密度 保留密度 修枝 修枝 修枝强度 修枝强度 杉木 杉木 节子 节子
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| GB/T 7714 | 魏理晖 , 叶小鹏 , 陈志云 et al. 密度及修枝对幼林杉木节子伤口愈合的影响 [J]. | 森林与环境学报 , 2024 , 44 (06) : 639-646 . |
| MLA | 魏理晖 et al. "密度及修枝对幼林杉木节子伤口愈合的影响" . | 森林与环境学报 44 . 06 (2024) : 639-646 . |
| APA | 魏理晖 , 叶小鹏 , 陈志云 , 何宗明 , 马祥庆 , 帅鹏 . 密度及修枝对幼林杉木节子伤口愈合的影响 . | 森林与环境学报 , 2024 , 44 (06) , 639-646 . |
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为研究1代杉木林采伐后采用不同立地管理措施对更新的2代26年生杉木林生产力的影响，在1代20地位指数级的29年生杉木林(起源于本地普通杉木种子)中设置固定试验地，采伐后采用5种采伐剩余物处理方式和2代杉木种子园种子培育的苗木营造2代杉木试验林，研究造林后26 a 5种不同采伐剩余物处理对2代杉木人工林生产力的影响。结果表明，2代26年生杉木林平均蓄积量为666.312 m~3·hm~(-2),平均出材量为536.805 m~3·hm~(-2),年平均蓄积增长量为25.627 m~3·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)。不同处理的蓄积量和总材种出材量排序均为：保留采伐剩余物处理(BL2)>加倍采伐剩余物处理(BL3)>炼山处理(SB)>全树收获处理(BL1)>移除采伐剩余物处理(BL0), 5种不同处理的大径材出材量均在65.52%以上,不同处理间蓄积量和出材量差异不显著。本试验的2代26年生杉木林并没有出现前人报道的连栽生产力下降的情况,且不同采伐剩余物处理之间的生产力也无显著差异。采伐后保留采伐剩余物、适地适树(杉木造林选择20以上地位指数级的林地)和采用经遗传改良的苗木造林是缓解杉木连栽地力衰退、维持杉木大径级无节材人工林可持续经营的有效途径。
Keyword ：
多代连栽 多代连栽 杉木 杉木 生产力 生产力 采伐剩余物处理 采伐剩余物处理
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| GB/T 7714 | 苏比·热西塔洪 , 阮颖超 , 何宗明 et al. 立地管理措施对2代26年生杉木林生产力的影响 [J]. | 森林与环境学报 , 2024 , 44 (03) : 267-273 . |
| MLA | 苏比·热西塔洪 et al. "立地管理措施对2代26年生杉木林生产力的影响" . | 森林与环境学报 44 . 03 (2024) : 267-273 . |
| APA | 苏比·热西塔洪 , 阮颖超 , 何宗明 , 范少辉 , 翁贤权 , 马祥庆 . 立地管理措施对2代26年生杉木林生产力的影响 . | 森林与环境学报 , 2024 , 44 (03) , 267-273 . |
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【Objective】This study aims to investigate the effects of different pruning intensities on the formation and quality of clear wood of Cunninghamia lanceolata, in order to provide a scientific basis for guiding the cultivation of large-diameter-class, high-quality clear wood of C. lanceolata with reasonable pruning intensity.【 Method】 With a randomized block design, an experiment was implemented in that a 4-year-old C. lanceolata plantation that was subjected to different pruning intensities (i.e. the trees were pruned annually until their stems with a diameter of 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm, and 12 cm, respectively, and the pruning was stopped when the pruning clear bole height of stems reached 7 m, with the unpruned trees served as the control). After 22 years of pruning, the growth of the trees was investigated. A total of 30 average standard trees from different pruning intensities were selected and cut down, and the stems below 7 m were cut off and carried back to the laboratory for the determination of plumpness of the stems. The number, long diameter, and short diameter of knots were measured after the stems were cut according to the saw-cutting method and rotary cutting method, and the ratios of clear wood volume, knot-free veneer quantity, and knot volume were counted.【Result】The diameter at breast height (DBH) and individual volume showed a significant decrease trend with increasing pruning intensity, but pruning intensity had no significant effect on tree height. The DBH with a pruning intensity of 6 cm was significantly smaller than that with other treatments, and the individual volume was significantly smaller than that with the pruning intensities of 10 cm and 12 cm, and of the control (CK). The DBH with a pruning intensity of 8 cm was significantly smaller than that with pruning intensities of 10 cm and 12 cm, and the individual volume was significantly smaller than that with a pruning intensity of 12 cm. In the 1.3–4 m cut logs, the plumpness with a pruning intensity of 6 cm was significantly higher than that with pruning intensities of 10 cm and 12 cm. In the 4–7 m cut logs, the plumpness with a pruning intensity of 8 cm was significantly higher than that with a pruning intensity of 10 cm. The determination results of the saw-cutting method showed a significant decrease trend of the number of knots with the increasing pruning intensity, and both the long and short diameters of knots decreased with increasing pruning intensity, and the short diameter of knots with a pruning intensity of 6 cm was significantly shorted than that with the other treatments. According to the determination results of the rotary cutting method, the number, long diameter, and short diameter of knots all tended to decrease significantly with the increasing pruning intensity. The ratio of both clear wood volume and the ratio of knot-free veneer quantity tended to significantly increase with increasing pruning intensity, while the ratio of knot volume tended to significantly decrease with increasing pruning intensity. Compared with the control, the ratio of clear wood volume with four pruning intensities were significantly higher (at least 51.1%), and the ratio of knot-free veneer quantity were significantly higher (at least 33.25%). The determination results of both the saw-cutting method and rotary cutting method consistently suggested that with pruning intensities of 6 cm and 8 cm had fewer and smaller distribution of knots, and the ratio of clear wood was more obviously improved. The pruning effect was ranked as pruning intensities of 6 cm>8 cm>10 cm> 12 cm>CK.【Conclusion】The selection of pruning intensity depends on the management objective. If greater DBH, tree height, and individual volume are desired, without demand of wood quality, pruning intensities of 10 cm and 12 cm can be good choice. If higher stem plumpness and ratios of clear wood volume and knot-free veneer quantity, lower ratio of knot volume, fewer number of knots, and smaller long and short diameters of knots are required, without demand of the amount of growth, pruning intensities of 6 cm and 8 cm can be selected. © 2024 Chinese Society of Forestry. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Design of experiments Design of experiments Forestry Forestry Hardwoods Hardwoods Sawing Sawing Saws Saws
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| GB/T 7714 | Ruan, Yingchao , Subi, Rexitahong , Lin, Xi et al. Effects of Pruning Intensity on the Formation and Quality of Clear Wood of Trees in Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations [J]. | Scientia Silvae Sinicae , 2024 , 60 (6) : 50-59 . |
| MLA | Ruan, Yingchao et al. "Effects of Pruning Intensity on the Formation and Quality of Clear Wood of Trees in Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations" . | Scientia Silvae Sinicae 60 . 6 (2024) : 50-59 . |
| APA | Ruan, Yingchao , Subi, Rexitahong , Lin, Xi , Li, Ming , Fan, Shaohui , Feng, Suiqi et al. Effects of Pruning Intensity on the Formation and Quality of Clear Wood of Trees in Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations . | Scientia Silvae Sinicae , 2024 , 60 (6) , 50-59 . |
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Significant market value discrepancies exist between clear and knotty Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood, distinguished not only by their aesthetic variations but also by their distinct material properties. This study aimed to explore the differences in physical and mechanical properties between clear and knotty Chinese fir wood. Nine standard trees were chosen from a 26-year-old Chinese fir plantation for the experiment. Subsequent to felling, trunk segments below 7 m in length were transported to the laboratory. For each tree, detailed preparations were made to obtain clear and knotty wood specimens, and these distinct wood specimens were subjected to thorough physical and mechanical assessments. The results revealed significant variations in properties between clear and knotty Chinese fir wood. The shrinkage and swelling coefficients of knotty wood were generally lower than those of clear wood, except for higher radial and tangential air-dry shrinkage. Specifically, the swelling ratio of knotty wood was at least 0.40% lower, and the oven-dry shrinkage was at least 0.58% lower than that of clear wood. Knotty wood exhibited higher air-dry and oven-dry densities, with its density being at least 0.15 g cm-3 higher than that of clear wood. However, its mechanical properties, including tensile strength, compression strength, impact bending strength, bending strength, and modulus of elasticity, were lower than those of clear wood. For instance, the tensile strength parallel to the grain of clear wood was 40.63 MPa higher, the modulus of elasticity was 1595 MPa higher, and the impact bending strength was 27.12 kJ m-2 greater than that of knotty wood. Although the tangential and radial surface hardness of knotty wood increased significantly compared to clear wood, the end hardness remained relatively lower. Overall, knotty Chinese fir wood displayed enhanced physical properties, whereas clear wood showcased superior mechanical properties. Careful selection between clear and knotty wood is recommended based on the specific requirements of wooden structural elements to optimize timber resource utilization.
Keyword ：
bending strength bending strength Cunninghamia lanceolata Cunninghamia lanceolata shrinkage shrinkage wood density wood density
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| GB/T 7714 | Ruan, Yingchao , He, Zongming , Fan, Shaohui et al. Variations in Physical and Mechanical Properties Between Clear and Knotty Wood of Chinese Fir [J]. | FORESTS , 2024 , 15 (11) . |
| MLA | Ruan, Yingchao et al. "Variations in Physical and Mechanical Properties Between Clear and Knotty Wood of Chinese Fir" . | FORESTS 15 . 11 (2024) . |
| APA | Ruan, Yingchao , He, Zongming , Fan, Shaohui , Chen, Zhiyun , Li, Ming , Ma, Xiangqing et al. Variations in Physical and Mechanical Properties Between Clear and Knotty Wood of Chinese Fir . | FORESTS , 2024 , 15 (11) . |
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Abstract ：
[目的]探究不同碳输入下，滨海人工林林地CO
Keyword ：
凋落物去除 凋落物去除 土壤CO 土壤CO 根系去除 根系去除 滨海沙地 滨海沙地
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| GB/T 7714 | 沈健 , 何宗明 , 董强 et al. 根系和凋落物去除对3种人工林土壤CO [J]. | 亚热带农业研究 , 2023 , 19 (02) : 91-100 . |
| MLA | 沈健 et al. "根系和凋落物去除对3种人工林土壤CO" . | 亚热带农业研究 19 . 02 (2023) : 91-100 . |
| APA | 沈健 , 何宗明 , 董强 , 郜士垒 , 林宇 , 曹光球 . 根系和凋落物去除对3种人工林土壤CO . | 亚热带农业研究 , 2023 , 19 (02) , 91-100 . |
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