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学者姓名：秦源
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Nanozymes, a revolutionary category of engineered artificial enzymes based on nanomaterials, have been developed to overcome the inherent limitations of natural enzymes, such as the high cost associated with storage and their fragility. Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as compelling candidates for various applications due to their versatile properties. Particularly noteworthy are CDs with a range of surface functional groups that exhibit enzyme-like behavior, combining exceptional performance with catalytic capabilities. This review explores the methodologies used for synthesizing CDs with enzyme mimicking capabilities, highlighting potential avenues such as doping and hybrid nanozymes to enhance their catalytic efficacy. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of CDs that mimick the activities of various oxidoreductases-like peroxidase, catalase, oxidase/laccase, and superoxide dismutase-like is provided. The focus is on the in-depth exploration of the mechanisms, advancements and practical applications of each oxidoreductase-like function exhibited by CD nanozymes. Drawing upon these exhaustive summaries and analyses, the review identifies the prevailing challenges that hinder the seamless integration of CDs into real-world applications and offers forward-looking perspectives for future directions.
Keyword ：
Biomedical applications Biomedical applications Carbon dots Carbon dots Enzyme-mimicking activity Enzyme-mimicking activity Keywords Keywords Nanozymes Nanozymes Oxidoreductases Oxidoreductases
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| GB/T 7714 | Lai, Chun-Mei , Xiao, Xiao-Shan , Chen, Jing-Yi et al. Revolutionizing nanozymes: The synthesis, enzyme-mimicking capabilities of carbon dots, and advancements in catalytic mechanisms [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES , 2025 , 293 . |
| MLA | Lai, Chun-Mei et al. "Revolutionizing nanozymes: The synthesis, enzyme-mimicking capabilities of carbon dots, and advancements in catalytic mechanisms" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES 293 (2025) . |
| APA | Lai, Chun-Mei , Xiao, Xiao-Shan , Chen, Jing-Yi , He, Wen-Yun , Wang, Si-Si , Qin, Yuan et al. Revolutionizing nanozymes: The synthesis, enzyme-mimicking capabilities of carbon dots, and advancements in catalytic mechanisms . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES , 2025 , 293 . |
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The OsTHION family represents a class of cysteine-rich signal peptides widely recognized for their significant roles in plant disease resistance and immunity. While members of this family are known to be induced under various biotic and abiotic stresses, their responses to environmental stressors beyond disease resistance remain underexplored. This study investigates the evolution, expression patterns, and functional roles of the OsTHION gene family in rice (Oryza sativa) under diverse stress conditions. Using sequence data from the Phytozome database, we identified 44 OsTHION family members and classified them into four groups based on phylogenetic analysis. Cis-acting element analysis revealed that the promoter regions of OsTHION genes are enriched with regulatory elements associated with light response, hormone signaling, plant growth, and stress responses. The OsTHION genes exhibit complex organ-specific expression patterns, with OsTHION30 and OsTHION36 showing ubiquitous expression, while other members are highly expressed in specific tissues or developmental stages. Under drought, salt, and low-temperature stress, OsTHION genes undergo significant expression changes, underscoring their critical role in plant adaptation to environmental challenges. Notably, OsTHION15 was markedly upregulated under drought stress, and the Osthion15 mutant displayed heightened sensitivity to drought and ABA stress, confirming its pivotal role in stress resistance. RNA sequencing analysis identified many differentially expressed genes (DEGs), primarily enriched in pathways related to ribosomal function and plant hormone signaling, suggesting that OsTHION15 may regulate stress responses through multiple mechanisms. In summary, this study advances our understanding of the OsTHION gene family and highlights its intricate involvement in regulating rice growth, development, and environmental stress responses. These findings offer valuable insights and technical support for crop improvement, with potential applications in enhancing environmental adaptability and yield stability in crops.
Keyword ：
gene expression patterns gene expression patterns OsTHION15 OsTHION15 OsTHION family OsTHION family rice rice stress responses stress responses
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Maokai , Chai, Mengnan , An, Chang et al. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Thionin Family in Rice (Oryza sativa) and Functional Characterization of OsTHION15 in Drought Stress and ABA Stress [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES , 2025 , 26 (7) . |
| MLA | Yan, Maokai et al. "Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Thionin Family in Rice (Oryza sativa) and Functional Characterization of OsTHION15 in Drought Stress and ABA Stress" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES 26 . 7 (2025) . |
| APA | Yan, Maokai , Chai, Mengnan , An, Chang , Jiang, Xiaohu , Yang, Fan , Fang, Xunlian et al. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Thionin Family in Rice (Oryza sativa) and Functional Characterization of OsTHION15 in Drought Stress and ABA Stress . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES , 2025 , 26 (7) . |
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The HKT protein family plays a vital role in plant responses to salt stress by mediating sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) transport and maintaining Na+-K+ balance. Ipomoea pes-caprae (IPC), a pantropical creeping plant distributed along coastal regions in tropical and subtropical zones, exhibits exceptional salt tolerance. Understanding its salt tolerance mechanisms provides valuable insights for developing salt-tolerant crops and identifying candidate genes for genetic engineering. In this study, we identified two HKT genes, IpcHKT1;1 and IpcHKT1;2, in IPC. Phylogenetic analysis with HKT genes from other Ipomoea species revealed that all analyzed species contain two HKT genes located adjacently on the same chromosome. Comparative analysis of conserved motifs and intron-exon structures indicated that, despite their close evolutionary relationship, the HKT genes in IPC may exhibit functional divergence. Promoter analysis showed that their regulatory regions are enriched with cis-elements associated with responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, hormonal signaling, and growth, highlighting functional diversity within the HKT family. Subcellular localization experiments demonstrated that IpcHKT1;1 and IpcHKT1;2 are ion transporters localized to the plasma membrane. Heterologous expression in yeast confirmed their role in Na+/K+ symporter. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analysis revealed distinct expression patterns under salt stress: IpcHKT1;2 was significantly upregulated in roots, while IpcHKT1;1 expression was transitionally downregulated at 400 mM NaCl treatment. Prolonged high expression of IpcHKT1;2 in roots suggests its critical role in sustained salt stress tolerance. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in IPC. The identification of IpcHKT1;1 and IpcHKT1;2 as key players in salt stress responses offers promising genetic resources for enhancing crop resilience to soil salinity, addressing challenges associated with global salinization.
Keyword ：
halophytes halophytes HKT HKT Ipomoea pes-caprae Ipomoea pes-caprae salt stress salt stress sodium-potassium transport sodium-potassium transport
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| GB/T 7714 | Guo, Zhonghua , Sun, Jin , Chen, Xingguang et al. Comparative analysis of HKT genes in Ipomoea pes-caprae unveils conserved Na+/K+ symporter functions within the gene family [J]. | FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE , 2025 , 16 . |
| MLA | Guo, Zhonghua et al. "Comparative analysis of HKT genes in Ipomoea pes-caprae unveils conserved Na+/K+ symporter functions within the gene family" . | FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 16 (2025) . |
| APA | Guo, Zhonghua , Sun, Jin , Chen, Xingguang , Li, Hui , Liang, Sisi , Liu, Fengying et al. Comparative analysis of HKT genes in Ipomoea pes-caprae unveils conserved Na+/K+ symporter functions within the gene family . | FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE , 2025 , 16 . |
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Stress-associated proteins (SAPs), characterized by zinc finger domains, play a crucial role in regulating plant responses to various stresses. These proteins modulate stress-related gene expression and are integral to enhancing plant immunity, development, cell proliferation, and hormone regulation. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of the SAP gene family in Suaeda glauca (S. glauca), identifying 15 SAP genes encoding A20/AN1 zinc finger proteins. Functional analyses of three candidate genes under salinity stress were performed, examining phenotypic and physiological responses to better understand their role in stress tolerance. Sequence alignment, conserved domain analysis, and gene structure analysis revealed high conservation among S. glauca SAPs. Phylogenetic analysis identified two major groups within the gene family, providing insights into their evolutionary relationships. Transcription profiling analysis demonstrated significant expression of most SAP genes in response to salt stress, with qPCR validation confirming the upregulation of specific genes. Notably, transgenic Arabidopsis lines heterologously overexpressing the candidate genes SgSAP4, SgSAP5, and SgSAP7 demonstrated enhanced tolerance to salinity stress. This was evident from improved seed germination, root elongation, and reduced levels of stress markers, including malondialdehyde and free proline, compared to wildtype plants. These findings highlight the potential of these SAP genes in breeding programs aimed at improving salinity tolerance in crops.
Keyword ：
Salinity stress Salinity stress SAP family SAP family Suaeda glauca Suaeda glauca Transgenic lines Transgenic lines
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| GB/T 7714 | Mohammadi, Mohammad Aqa , Wang, Yining , Zhang, Chunyin et al. Heterologous overexpression of the Suaeda glauca stress-associated protein (SAP) family genes enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis transgenic lines [J]. | PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY , 2025 , 224 . |
| MLA | Mohammadi, Mohammad Aqa et al. "Heterologous overexpression of the Suaeda glauca stress-associated protein (SAP) family genes enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis transgenic lines" . | PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 224 (2025) . |
| APA | Mohammadi, Mohammad Aqa , Wang, Yining , Zhang, Chunyin , Ma, Haifeng , Sun, Jin , Wang, Lulu et al. Heterologous overexpression of the Suaeda glauca stress-associated protein (SAP) family genes enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis transgenic lines . | PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY , 2025 , 224 . |
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In most angiosperms, female gametogenesis originates from a specifically selected haploid megaspore, as three out of the four megaspores produced by meiosis degenerate without undergoing further division or differentiation. The remaining megaspore acquires functional megaspore (FM) identity, becoming the FM, which is essential for plant reproductive development. However, the molecular mechanisms governing FM development (or megaspore degeneration) remain largely unexplored, with current studies focusing on only a limited number of genes or regulatory networks. To date, no comprehensive review has systematically introduced advances in this field. This review aims to highlight recent progress in understanding FM development, discuss its critical role in female reproductive development and prospect the mechanism of FM development in environmental adaptation. By offering new insights, this review enriches existing knowledge of FM development and provides fresh perspectives for future research in plant reproduction and its adaptation to the environment.
Keyword ：
environmental adaptation environmental adaptation female gametogenesis female gametogenesis FM development FM development functional megaspore (FM) functional megaspore (FM)
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Liping , Qin, Yuan , Cai, Hanyang . Understanding the Functional Megaspore Development: Current Status/Progress, Perspectives [J]. | PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT , 2025 , 48 (7) : 4921-4927 . |
| MLA | Liu, Liping et al. "Understanding the Functional Megaspore Development: Current Status/Progress, Perspectives" . | PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT 48 . 7 (2025) : 4921-4927 . |
| APA | Liu, Liping , Qin, Yuan , Cai, Hanyang . Understanding the Functional Megaspore Development: Current Status/Progress, Perspectives . | PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT , 2025 , 48 (7) , 4921-4927 . |
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Female gametophyte development in flowering plants is a highly intricate process involving a series of tightly regulated biological events, including the establishment and differentiation of a macrospore mother cell (MMC), the formation of a functional macrospore (FM), and the subsequent development of the embryo sac. The seamless progression of these events is crucial for the completion of sexual reproduction and the alternation of generations in plants. Small RNAs are ubiquitously present in eukaryotic organisms. Based on their biogenesis, function, and involvement in biological pathways, plant small RNAs are primarily categorized into four classes: miRNAs (microRNAs), ta-siRNAs (trans-acting-siRNAs), hc-siRNAs (heterochromatic-siRNAs), and nat-siRNAs (natural antisense transcript-derived siRNAs). Current studies show that small RNAs play an important role in plant reproductive development, such as female gametophyte development and ovule development. In this review, we systematically elucidate the biogenesis and molecular mechanism of small RNAs and summarize the latest research advances on their roles in regulating megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis in plants. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the mechanisms underlying plant reproductive development through the lens of small RNAs, offering a theoretical foundation for improving crop quality, yield, genetic improvement, and breeding.
Keyword ：
angiosperms angiosperms female gametophyte female gametophyte megagametogenesis megagametogenesis megasporogenesis megasporogenesis miRNA miRNA ovule development ovule development siRNA siRNA ta-siRNA ta-siRNA
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Yanfen , He, Qing , Su, Han et al. Advances in Small RNA Regulation of Female Gametophyte Development in Flowering Plants [J]. | PLANTS-BASEL , 2025 , 14 (9) . |
| MLA | Liu, Yanfen et al. "Advances in Small RNA Regulation of Female Gametophyte Development in Flowering Plants" . | PLANTS-BASEL 14 . 9 (2025) . |
| APA | Liu, Yanfen , He, Qing , Su, Han , Xi, Xinpeng , Xu, Xiaoyuan , Qin, Yuan et al. Advances in Small RNA Regulation of Female Gametophyte Development in Flowering Plants . | PLANTS-BASEL , 2025 , 14 (9) . |
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Despite significant progress in tissue engineering, the full regeneration of chronic wounds persists as a major challenge, with the immune response to tissue damage being a key determinant of the healing process's quality and duration. Post-injury, a crucial aspect is the transition of macrophages from a pro-inflammatory state to an anti-inflammatory. Thus, this alteration in macrophage polarization presents an enticing avenue within the realm of regenerative medicine. Recent advancements have entailed the integration of a myriad of cellular and molecular signals into hydrogel-based constructs, enabling the fine-tuning of immune cell activities during different phases. This discussion explores modern insights into immune cell roles in skin regeneration, underscoring the key role of immune modulation in amplifying the overall efficacy of wounds. Moreover, a comprehensive review is presented on the latest sophisticated technologies employed in the design of immunomodulatory hydrogels to regulate macrophage polarization. Furthermore, the deliberate design of hydrogels to deliver targeted immune stimulation through manipulation of chemistry and cell integration is also emphasized. Moreover, an overview is provided regarding the influence of hydrogel properties on immune traits and tissue regeneration process. Conclusively, the accent is on forthcoming pathways directed toward modulating immune responses in the milieu of chronic healing.
Keyword ：
chronic wounds chronic wounds immunomodulatory hydrogel immunomodulatory hydrogel macrophage polarization macrophage polarization tissue tissue
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| GB/T 7714 | Lai, Chun-Mei , Chen, Wei-Ji , Qin, Yuan et al. Innovative Hydrogel Design: Tailoring Immunomodulation for Optimal Chronic Wound Recovery [J]. | ADVANCED SCIENCE , 2025 , 12 (2) . |
| MLA | Lai, Chun-Mei et al. "Innovative Hydrogel Design: Tailoring Immunomodulation for Optimal Chronic Wound Recovery" . | ADVANCED SCIENCE 12 . 2 (2025) . |
| APA | Lai, Chun-Mei , Chen, Wei-Ji , Qin, Yuan , Xu, Di , Lai, Yue-Kun , He, Shao-Hua . Innovative Hydrogel Design: Tailoring Immunomodulation for Optimal Chronic Wound Recovery . | ADVANCED SCIENCE , 2025 , 12 (2) . |
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How do growth hormones interact to specify female-germline cell types in flowering plants and control production of the first female-germline cell? Here, we find that gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and signaling are restricted in ovule primordia, with overexpression of receptors and biosynthetic enzymes resulting in multiple and enlarged megaspore mother cells (MMCs) in Arabidopsis. GA signaling machinery interacts with and promotes the degradation of cytokinin (CK) type-B Arabidopsis response regulators (ARR1/10/12), which also directly interact with DELLA proteins. CK biosynthesis and signaling components are expressed in both MMCs and sporophytic cells, with signaling negatively controlled by GA in ovule primordia, and perturbations leading to the induction of multiple, enlarged MMC-like cells. The vacuolar sorting protein SHRUBBY (SHBY) interacts with GA and CK signaling components to block GA-induced degradation. CK signaling restricts multiple sub-epidermal cells in distal ovule primordia from acquiring MMC identity. By balancing degradation activity, GA and CK signaling antagonistically control female-germline cell specification.
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| GB/T 7714 | Cai, Hanyang , Liu, Kaichuang , Ma, Suzhuo et al. Gibberellin and cytokinin signaling antagonistically control female-germline cell specification in Arabidopsis [J]. | DEVELOPMENTAL CELL , 2025 , 60 (5) : 706-722 . |
| MLA | Cai, Hanyang et al. "Gibberellin and cytokinin signaling antagonistically control female-germline cell specification in Arabidopsis" . | DEVELOPMENTAL CELL 60 . 5 (2025) : 706-722 . |
| APA | Cai, Hanyang , Liu, Kaichuang , Ma, Suzhuo , Su, Han , Yang, Jiahong , Sun, Ling et al. Gibberellin and cytokinin signaling antagonistically control female-germline cell specification in Arabidopsis . | DEVELOPMENTAL CELL , 2025 , 60 (5) , 706-722 . |
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Microspore culture is an efficient and widely used technology in plant breeding for the production of haploid and (DH) plants that are widely used in fast-tracking crop improvement. This technique consists of steps of culturing microspores or immature pollen grains and inducing haploid embryos that generate viable plants that are doubled in chromosomes resulting in homozygosity across all loci. The DH lines are highly effective in shortening the genetic improvement timeline of many crops and are frequently used in hybrid development and analysis of complex traits. Microspore culture also provides new resources for breeding through spontaneous mutations and somaclonal variations. These variations can be used to create new characters, which are desirable for breeding crops' disease resistance and stress tolerance. Also, the technique can be used for the preservation of genetic resources and as an excellent tool for genome manipulation through efficient and accurate introduction of desirable traits into the target crop plants. However, the use of microspore culture is hampered in many crops by species-specific success rates and genetic instability during in vitro culture. Current research aims to optimize protocols across a broader range of crops and integrate microspore culture with emerging technologies such as high-throughput phenotyping and bioinformatics to improve its efficiency and expand its use.
Keyword ：
Breeding Breeding Crop improvement Crop improvement Double haploids Double haploids Genetic diversity Genetic diversity Microspore culture Microspore culture
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| GB/T 7714 | Arabzai, Mohammad Gul , Huang, Dongping , Mohammadi, Nazir Khan et al. Techniques and advantages of microspore culture for crop improvement [J]. | PLANT GROWTH REGULATION , 2025 , 105 (4) : 903-918 . |
| MLA | Arabzai, Mohammad Gul et al. "Techniques and advantages of microspore culture for crop improvement" . | PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 105 . 4 (2025) : 903-918 . |
| APA | Arabzai, Mohammad Gul , Huang, Dongping , Mohammadi, Nazir Khan , Gao, Jingai , Wang, Xiaomei , Zheng, Ping et al. Techniques and advantages of microspore culture for crop improvement . | PLANT GROWTH REGULATION , 2025 , 105 (4) , 903-918 . |
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Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, is popular for its unique flavor and health benefits. The actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, and villin is a key regulator of actin dynamics. However, the mechanism underlying the actin filament regulation of reproductive development in passion fruit remains poorly understood. Here, we characterized a villin isovariant in passion fruit, Passiflora edulis VLN4 (PeVLN4), highly and preferentially expressed in pollen. Subcellular localization analysis showed that PeVLN4 decorated distinct filamentous structures in pollen tubes. We next introduced PeVLN4 into Arabidopsis villin mutants to explore its functions on the growing pollen tubes. PeVLN4 rescued defects in the elongation of villin mutant pollen tubes. Pollen tubes expressing PeVLN4 were revealed to be less sensitive to latrunculin B, and PeVLN4 partially rescued defects in the actin filament organization of villin mutant pollen tubes. Additionally, biochemical assays revealed that PeVLN4 bundles actin filaments in vitro. Thus, PeVLN4 is an important regulator of F-actin stability and is required for normal pollen tube growth in passion fruit. This study provides a new insight into the function of the actin regulator villin involved in the reproduction development of passion fruit.
Keyword ：
actin filament actin filament Passiflora edulis Passiflora edulis reproduction development reproduction development VLN gene VLN gene
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| GB/T 7714 | Yang, Hanbing , Wei, Xiuqing , Wang, Lifeng et al. Functional Characterization of PeVLN4 Involved in Regulating Pollen Tube Growth from Passion Fruit [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES , 2025 , 26 (5) . |
| MLA | Yang, Hanbing et al. "Functional Characterization of PeVLN4 Involved in Regulating Pollen Tube Growth from Passion Fruit" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES 26 . 5 (2025) . |
| APA | Yang, Hanbing , Wei, Xiuqing , Wang, Lifeng , Zheng, Ping , Li, Junzhang , Zou, Yutong et al. Functional Characterization of PeVLN4 Involved in Regulating Pollen Tube Growth from Passion Fruit . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES , 2025 , 26 (5) . |
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