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学者姓名：刘莎莎
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Abstract ：
Vaccine adjuvants are now widely utilized in vaccine formulations. The IFN-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) family, play crucial roles in immune regulation and exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral activity. However, limited studies have investigated the potential of ISGs as vaccine adjuvants. Here, three swine ISGs fusion proteins were induced and purified from Escherichia coli, including IFITM1, IFITM3 and Viperin (sIFITM1, sIFITM3, and sViperin). Furthermore, sIFITM1, sIFITM3, and sViperin inhibited the replication of pseudorabies virus (PRV) in swine (PK-15 and 3D4/21) and murine (NIH/3 T3 and C57/B6-L) cells. Importantly, these fusion proteins effectively enhanced the immunogenicity of inactivated classical swine fever virus (CSFV) vaccine and improved the immune response in vaccinated mice. Our evidence indicates that, compared with the CSFV vaccine group, the co-administration of sIFITM1, sIFITM3, and sViperin with CSFV vaccine significantly improved humoral immunity, increased T lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen, and elevated serum IgG antibody levels. In conclusion, this study successfully prepared sIFITM1, sIFITM3, and sViperin fusion proteins, confirming their ability to inhibit PRV replication and suggesting their potential as vaccine adjuvants.
Keyword ：
antiviral proteins antiviral proteins IFN-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) IFN-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) inactivated CSFV vaccine inactivated CSFV vaccine protection efficiency protection efficiency vaccine adjuvants vaccine adjuvants
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Shasha , Zhou, Wenzhuo , Ye, Haobo et al. sIFITM1, sIFITM3, and sViperin antiviral proteins as inactivated CSFV vaccine adjuvants [J]. | FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE , 2025 , 12 . |
| MLA | Liu, Shasha et al. "sIFITM1, sIFITM3, and sViperin antiviral proteins as inactivated CSFV vaccine adjuvants" . | FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE 12 (2025) . |
| APA | Liu, Shasha , Zhou, Wenzhuo , Ye, Haobo , Qiu, Feng , Gu, Rongrong , Xu, Erying et al. sIFITM1, sIFITM3, and sViperin antiviral proteins as inactivated CSFV vaccine adjuvants . | FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE , 2025 , 12 . |
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Abstract ：
本发明提出了将猪源抗病毒蛋白IFITM1、IFITM3、Viperin作为免疫增强剂，应用于猪瘟病毒E2蛋白抗病毒杆状病毒灭活疫苗。当猪源抗病毒蛋白IFITM1、IFITM3、Viperin作为免疫增强剂，与猪瘟病毒E2蛋白抗病毒杆状病毒灭活疫苗一同用于免疫时，能促使免疫小鼠产生更高含量的猪瘟病毒血清IgG抗体。就目前国内市场而言，尚未有猪用抗病毒蛋白免疫增强剂灭活疫苗投入使用。而本方案所采用的猪用免疫增强剂搭配猪瘟病毒E2蛋白抗病毒杆状病毒灭活疫苗，不仅可更为有效地防控猪瘟，还填补了当下养猪市场在免疫增强剂方面的空白。
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| GB/T 7714 | 陈吉龙 , 刘莎莎 . 一种猪源抗病毒蛋白作为免疫增强剂在猪瘟病毒灭活疫苗中的应用 : CN202510543558.2[P]. | 2025-04-28 . |
| MLA | 陈吉龙 et al. "一种猪源抗病毒蛋白作为免疫增强剂在猪瘟病毒灭活疫苗中的应用" : CN202510543558.2. | 2025-04-28 . |
| APA | 陈吉龙 , 刘莎莎 . 一种猪源抗病毒蛋白作为免疫增强剂在猪瘟病毒灭活疫苗中的应用 : CN202510543558.2. | 2025-04-28 . |
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Vaccination is one of the most effective methods for controlling animal infectious diseases, and the use of adjuvants plays crucial role in enhancing the immune efficacy of vaccines, particularly in inactivated and subunit vaccines. With the continuous advancement of research in animal immunology and immune mechanisms, our understanding of the functions of cells and cytokines in immune responses has become increasingly comprehensive, laying a solid foundation for the development of novel vaccines and adjuvants. Cytokines are a class of proteins secreted by the animal body that regulate innate and adaptive immune responses through interaction with specific receptors. To date, numerous studies have investigated the potential of using cytokines as adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of veterinary vaccines. This review focuses on cytokines as veterinary vaccine adjuvants, with special attention to the current research progress and mechanisms of cytokines such as interleukins, interferons, chemokines, and colony-stimulating factors. Additionally, examples of the application of cytokine-based adjuvants in combination with veterinary vaccines will be discussed to provide further insights and references for the development of cytokine-based veterinary adjuvants.
Keyword ：
cytokines cytokines immune enhancement immune enhancement vaccination vaccination vaccine adjuvant vaccine adjuvant veterinary vaccine veterinary vaccine
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Shihong , Chen, Huimin , Liu, Qiao et al. Harnessing cytokines: innovative adjuvants for improved veterinary vaccine efficacy [J]. | FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY , 2025 , 16 . |
| MLA | Yan, Shihong et al. "Harnessing cytokines: innovative adjuvants for improved veterinary vaccine efficacy" . | FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY 16 (2025) . |
| APA | Yan, Shihong , Chen, Huimin , Liu, Qiao , Zhang, Xinyu , Wei, Qiulu , Hu, Chenqi et al. Harnessing cytokines: innovative adjuvants for improved veterinary vaccine efficacy . | FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY , 2025 , 16 . |
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The transcription factor STAT3 is integral to the immune response during viral infections, while long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are actively implicated in the modulation of viral pathogenesis. However, the relationship between STAT3 and lncRNAs during viral infection is poorly understood. Here, we observed that robust expression of NEAT1, an important lncRNA, was induced by infections with influenza A virus (IAV) and several other viruses, but the virus-induced NEAT1 expression was significantly suppressed by inactivation of STAT3 both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we identified that expression of NEAT1 was regulated via MDA5 and TLR3 signaling pathways involving NF-kappa B, IL-6, and IFN-beta during IAV infection. Disruption of NEAT1 expression markedly facilitated the replication of IAV, whereas overexpression of NEAT1 attenuated the viral replication. NEAT1 knockout mice were further employed and showed that deficiency of NEAT1 significantly enhanced the IAV replication and virulence in the animals. Importantly, we found that activation of STAT3 by innate immune signaling inhibited IAV infection through upregulating the expression of NEAT1, and NEAT1 promoted the production of several vital antiviral molecules including interferons (IFNs) to suppress the viral replication. Moreover, our experiments exhibited that NEAT1 contributed to activation of TBK1 during the IAV infection. Together, these results reveal that NEAT1 functions downstream of STAT3, acting as a regulator of STAT3-mediated immunity by activating TBK1 and thereby enhancing antiviral responses.
Keyword ：
influenza virus influenza virus innate immunity innate immunity lncRNA lncRNA NEAT1 NEAT1 STAT3 STAT3
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| GB/T 7714 | Gu, Rongrong , Xu, Erying , Hong, Jingjie et al. Expression of NEAT1 induced by influenza virus infection is regulated by activated STAT3 and contributes to STAT3-mediated antiviral immunity [J]. | FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY , 2025 , 16 . |
| MLA | Gu, Rongrong et al. "Expression of NEAT1 induced by influenza virus infection is regulated by activated STAT3 and contributes to STAT3-mediated antiviral immunity" . | FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY 16 (2025) . |
| APA | Gu, Rongrong , Xu, Erying , Hong, Jingjie , Fan, Liqing , Liu, Shasha , Chen, Ji-Long . Expression of NEAT1 induced by influenza virus infection is regulated by activated STAT3 and contributes to STAT3-mediated antiviral immunity . | FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY , 2025 , 16 . |
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Vaccine adjuvants, serving as non-specific immune enhancers, play a pivotal role in the immunoprevention and control of animal diseases. This study utilized prokaryotic expression systems to express and purify chickenderived cIFITM1, cIFITM3, and cViperin, which were then formulated as adjuvants with H9N2 avian influenza virus antigens to create inactivated vaccines. These vaccines were administered to SPF chickens to investigate their immunopotentiating functions. Additionally, the proteins were assessed for their ability to act as standalone immune enhancers. The results demonstrated that cIFITM1, cIFITM3, and cViperin significantly elevated serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers. Notably, when used individually, these proteins markedly enhanced the antiviral capabilities of challenged chickens, leading to alleviated clinical symptoms, reduced tracheal virus replication, diminished virus shedding, and lessened histopathological damage, with cIFITM1 exhibiting the most pronounced effect. Furthermore, the protective efficacy of two H9N2 recombinant virus inactivated vaccines supplemented with cIFITM1 adjuvant was validated, achieving a 100% vaccine protection efficiency. In conclusion, cIFITM1, cIFITM3, and cViperin as adjuvants for influenza vaccines effectively inhibit virus replication and shedding, highlighting their significant potential in influenza prevention and control.
Keyword ：
Antiviral Protein Antiviral Protein Avian vaccine adjuvant Avian vaccine adjuvant Protection efficiency Protection efficiency
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Shihong , Chen, Yikai , Lin, Jin et al. Recombinant avian-derived antiviral proteins cIFITM1, cIFITM3, and cViperin as effective adjuvants in inactivated H9N2 subtype avian influenza vaccines [J]. | VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY , 2024 , 298 . |
| MLA | Yan, Shihong et al. "Recombinant avian-derived antiviral proteins cIFITM1, cIFITM3, and cViperin as effective adjuvants in inactivated H9N2 subtype avian influenza vaccines" . | VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY 298 (2024) . |
| APA | Yan, Shihong , Chen, Yikai , Lin, Jin , Chen, Huimin , Hu, Chenqi , Liu, Hongyang et al. Recombinant avian-derived antiviral proteins cIFITM1, cIFITM3, and cViperin as effective adjuvants in inactivated H9N2 subtype avian influenza vaccines . | VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY , 2024 , 298 . |
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神经介素B(NMB)及其G蛋白偶联受体(NMBR)发挥的抗甲型流感病毒免疫反应，以及甲型流感病毒感染诱导细胞程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)高表达均与NF-κB信号通路有直接关系，而NF-κB信号通路的激活受ERK信号通路的调控。为深入探究NMB与NMBR调节H9N2亚型流感病毒感染诱导PD-L1上的作用，本研究以H9N2亚型流感病毒为模式毒株，基于NMBR干扰和过表达细胞系、PD-L1干扰和过表达细胞系以及C57BL/6小鼠，采用RT-PCR和Western blot方法分析NMB与NMBR对PD-L1表达变化以及ERK磷酸化的影响。结果显示：H9N2亚型流感病毒感染诱导的NMBR和PD-L1表达之间存在着负调控的关系，外源性NMB可以有效激活小鼠体内NMBR的表达，进而抑制PD-L1表达，NMB与NMBR也能影响H9N2感染诱导的ERK磷酸化水平。综上，H9N2亚型流感病毒感染诱导表达的NMB与NMBR通过ERK信号通路调节PD-L1的表达而发挥抗流感病毒作用，将为深度剖析宿主-甲型流感病毒之间的互作关系提供新的科学依据。
Keyword ：
H9N2亚型 H9N2亚型 流感病毒 流感病毒 神经介素B 神经介素B 神经介素B受体 神经介素B受体 细胞程序性死亡配体1 细胞程序性死亡配体1
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| GB/T 7714 | 李春雨 , 田世茂 , 孔迎迎 et al. 神经介素B及受体NMBR和PD-L1在H9N2亚型流感病毒感染过程中的相互作用研究 [J]. | 畜牧与兽医 , 2024 , 56 (01) : 65-70 . |
| MLA | 李春雨 et al. "神经介素B及受体NMBR和PD-L1在H9N2亚型流感病毒感染过程中的相互作用研究" . | 畜牧与兽医 56 . 01 (2024) : 65-70 . |
| APA | 李春雨 , 田世茂 , 孔迎迎 , 陈灿辉 , 田也 , 刘莎莎 et al. 神经介素B及受体NMBR和PD-L1在H9N2亚型流感病毒感染过程中的相互作用研究 . | 畜牧与兽医 , 2024 , 56 (01) , 65-70 . |
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Animal experiments have played a significant role in advancing scientific knowledge and enhancing people's quality of life. In order to better understand the opinions and knowledge of veterinary students in the domain of laboratory animal welfare and to explore and advance the teaching methods used in animal ethics education, a questionnaire was designed and used to conduct a survey among undergraduate and postgraduate students majoring in veterinary medicine. The survey encompassed various topics, such as students' level of knowledge about animal welfare, their perspectives on laboratory animals, their proficiency with animal experiments, and their opinions on teaching methods and content. The respondents were a total of 150 undergraduate students and 148 graduate students. The survey results indicated that most students expressed a strong sense of responsibility for the safeguarding of the welfare of experimental animals. However, there were a few students who lacked compassion for animals. Additionally, there was a general lack of basic theoretical knowledge of animal ethics and an inadequate grasp of experimental techniques among current students. Furthermore, most of the participants expressed a strong sense of responsibility to advocate for animal welfare. Although a substantial number of students were unaware of the existence of agencies for the supervision of work involving laboratory animals, they supported teaching and supervision in the domain of animal welfare and were open to various teaching methods and topics of content. In conclusion, targeted training and education regarding laboratory animal welfare and ethics should be conducted in the future to address the specific needs of students. This study provides a foundation for future animal welfare education and will help to improve the professional skills and humanistic qualities of veterinary students.
Keyword ：
animal welfare animal welfare Chinese veterinary students Chinese veterinary students laboratory animal laboratory animal survey research survey research university education university education
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Shihong , Li, Hongyang , Lin, Jin et al. An investigation of the perceptions of laboratory animal welfare issues among undergraduate and graduate veterinary students in southeastern China [J]. | FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE , 2024 , 10 . |
| MLA | Yan, Shihong et al. "An investigation of the perceptions of laboratory animal welfare issues among undergraduate and graduate veterinary students in southeastern China" . | FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE 10 (2024) . |
| APA | Yan, Shihong , Li, Hongyang , Lin, Jin , Chen, Huimin , Liu, Shasha , Diao, Hongxiu . An investigation of the perceptions of laboratory animal welfare issues among undergraduate and graduate veterinary students in southeastern China . | FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE , 2024 , 10 . |
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Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) function both as signal transducers and transcription regulators. STAT proteins are involved in the signaling pathways of cytokines and growth factors; thus, they participate in various life activities and play especially critical roles in antiviral immunity. Convincing evidence suggests that STATs can establish innate immune status through multiple mechanisms, efficiently eliminating pathogens. STAT1 and STAT2 can activate the antiviral status by regulating the interferon (IFN) signal. In turn, suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3 can modulate the activation of STATs and suppress the excessive antiviral immune response. STAT3 not only regulates the IFN signal, but also transduces Interleukin-6 (IL-6) to stimulate the host antiviral response. The function of STAT4 and STAT5 is related to CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, and the specific mechanism of STAT5 remains to be studied. STAT6 mainly exerts antiviral effects by mediating IL-4 and IL-13 signaling. Here, we reviewed the recent findings regarding the critical roles of STATs in the interactions between the host and viral infection, especially influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying their functions in antiviral responses.
Keyword ：
immune response immune response influenza A virus influenza A virus interferon interferon STATs STATs
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Shasha , Qiu, Feng , Gu, Rongrong et al. Functional Involvement of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription in the Pathogenesis of Influenza A Virus [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES , 2024 , 25 (24) . |
| MLA | Liu, Shasha et al. "Functional Involvement of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription in the Pathogenesis of Influenza A Virus" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES 25 . 24 (2024) . |
| APA | Liu, Shasha , Qiu, Feng , Gu, Rongrong , Xu, Erying . Functional Involvement of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription in the Pathogenesis of Influenza A Virus . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES , 2024 , 25 (24) . |
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STATs蛋白在宿主抗病毒应答中具有重要功能，但对其在病毒感染早期的作用研究不多。为确定STATs蛋白在病毒感染早期的激活，本文采用甲型流感病毒H1N1亚型的不同毒株（WSN和PR8）和伪狂犬病毒（PRV）分别感染细胞或基因敲除小鼠，利用Western blotting分析STAT1和STAT3酪氨酸位点的磷酸化水平。结果显示，病毒感染早期阶段的干扰素等细胞因子产生时，可直接诱导STAT1和STAT3的激活。该结果表明非细胞因子依赖性早期抗病毒的天然免疫应答反应的存在，不仅为阐明病毒-宿主互作的分子基础提供新的理论依据，也为筛选新型抗流感病毒药物靶标提供了新思路。
Keyword ：
STATs蛋白 STATs蛋白 抗病毒天然免疫 抗病毒天然免疫 早期激活 早期激活 甲型流感病毒(IAV) 甲型流感病毒(IAV)
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| GB/T 7714 | 陈灿辉 , 周文卓 , 李春雨 et al. 流感等病毒感染过程中STATs蛋白非细胞因子依赖性的早期激活 [J]. | 江西畜牧兽医杂志 , 2023 , 4 (02) : 15-18 . |
| MLA | 陈灿辉 et al. "流感等病毒感染过程中STATs蛋白非细胞因子依赖性的早期激活" . | 江西畜牧兽医杂志 4 . 02 (2023) : 15-18 . |
| APA | 陈灿辉 , 周文卓 , 李春雨 , 田也 , 陈秉一 , 陈吉龙 et al. 流感等病毒感染过程中STATs蛋白非细胞因子依赖性的早期激活 . | 江西畜牧兽医杂志 , 2023 , 4 (02) , 15-18 . |
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This study identifies interleukin-6 (IL-6)-independent phosphorylation of STAT3 Y705 at the early stage of infec-tion with several viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV). Such activation of STAT3 is dependent on the retinoic acid-induced gene I/mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein/spleen tyrosine kinase (RIG-I/MAVS/Syk) axis and critical for antiviral immunity. We generate STAT3Y705F/1" knockin mice that display a remarkably suppressed antiviral response to IAV infection, as evidenced by impaired expression of several antiviral genes, severe lung tissue injury, and poor survival compared with wild-type animals. Mechanistically, STAT3 Y705 phosphor-ylation restrains IAV pathogenesis by repressing excessive production of interferons (IFNs). Blocking phosphor-ylation significantly augments the expression of type I and III IFNs, potentiating the virulence of IAV in mice. Importantly, knockout of IFNAR1 or IFNLR1 in STAT3Y705F/1" mice protects the animals from lung injury and re-duces viral load. The results indicate that activation of STAT3 by Y705 phosphorylation is vital for establishment of effective antiviral immunity by suppressing excessive IFN signaling induced by viral infection.
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Shasha , Liu, Siya , Yu, Ziding et al. STAT3 regulates antiviral immunity by suppressing excessive interferon signaling [J]. | CELL REPORTS , 2023 , 42 (7) . |
| MLA | Liu, Shasha et al. "STAT3 regulates antiviral immunity by suppressing excessive interferon signaling" . | CELL REPORTS 42 . 7 (2023) . |
| APA | Liu, Shasha , Liu, Siya , Yu, Ziding , Zhou, Wenzhuo , Zheng, Meichun , Gu, Rongrong et al. STAT3 regulates antiviral immunity by suppressing excessive interferon signaling . | CELL REPORTS , 2023 , 42 (7) . |
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