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学者姓名：林金石
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Benggangs, a type of soil erosion widely distributed in the hilly and mountainous regions of South China, pose significant challenges to land management and ecological conservation. Accurate identification and assessment of their location and scale are essential for effective Benggang control. With advancements in technology, deep learning has emerged as a critical tool for Benggang classification. However, selecting suitable feature extraction and fusion methods for multi-source image data remains a significant challenge. This study proposes a Benggang classification method based on multiscale features and a two-stream fusion network (MS-TSFN). Key features of targeted Benggang areas, such as slope, aspect, curvature, hill shade, and edge, were extracted from Digital Orthophotography Map (DOM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) data collected by drones. The two-stream fusion network, with ResNeSt as the backbone, extracted multiscale features from multi-source images and an attention-based feature fusion block was developed to explore complementary associations among features and achieve deep fusion of information across data types. A decision fusion block was employed for global prediction to classify areas as Benggang or non-Benggang. Experimental comparisons of different data inputs and network models revealed that the proposed method outperformed current state-of-the-art approaches in extracting spatial features and textures of Benggangs. The best results were obtained using a combination of DOM data, Canny edge detection, and DSM features in multi-source images. Specifically, the proposed model achieved an accuracy of 92.76%, a precision of 85.00%, a recall of 77.27%, and an F1-score of 0.8059, demonstrating its adaptability and high identification accuracy under complex terrain conditions.
Keyword ：
attention mechanism attention mechanism Benggang classification Benggang classification multiscale features multiscale features multi-source image fusion multi-source image fusion two-stream fusion network two-stream fusion network
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| GB/T 7714 | Rao, Xuli , Feng, Chen , Lin, Jinshi et al. Multiscale Two-Stream Fusion Network for Benggang Classification in Multi-Source Images [J]. | SENSORS , 2025 , 25 (9) . |
| MLA | Rao, Xuli et al. "Multiscale Two-Stream Fusion Network for Benggang Classification in Multi-Source Images" . | SENSORS 25 . 9 (2025) . |
| APA | Rao, Xuli , Feng, Chen , Lin, Jinshi , Chen, Zhide , Ji, Xiang , Huang, Yanhe et al. Multiscale Two-Stream Fusion Network for Benggang Classification in Multi-Source Images . | SENSORS , 2025 , 25 (9) . |
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Shear strength is the key index to determine the stability of a soil slope, and cementation between iron oxide and clay minerals is one of the internal factors affecting soil shear strength; however, the effects of the form of iron oxide on the shear strength of granite-weathered red soil are still unclear. Kaolinite, which is the main clay mineral of granite red soil, was selected as the research object, and the effects of three different forms of iron oxide (hematite: HT, goethite: GT, and amorphous iron oxide: AIO) on the soil microstructure, microscopic quantitative parameters, cohesion, internal friction angle, and shear strength were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the shear strength test. The results revealed that the iron oxide promoted the cementation of soil particles, and the cementation characteristics differed with the different forms of iron oxide. Hematite mainly showed flocculent cementation, poor cementation, and simple soil microstructures. Goethite mainly exhibited acicular cementation and the best cementation effect. The degree of aggregation of the soil particles was increased by the coatings, thus forming larger aggregate particles. The cementation effect of amorphous iron oxide was between those of hematite and goethite but included both the flocculation cementation of hematite and acicular cementation of goethite. Amorphous iron oxide and goethite effectively increased the contact area and friction degree between soil particles, while hematite had the opposite effect. The addition of three kinds of ferric oxide reduced the fractal dimension of soil, increased the apparent porosity, and promoted the irregularity of particles to a certain extent, among which hematite had the most significant growth on the long and short axes of the particles. At a content of 10 g kg-1, the addition of AIO and GT increased the soil cohesion and internal friction angle, and therefore increased the soil shear strength, and it was mainly determined by the soil microstructure: the contact area, apparent porosity, and particle short axis. These results indicated that GT and AIO are the main cementing materials affecting soil mechanical properties, and the transformation of iron oxide should be paid attention to when predicting soil slope stability.
Keyword ：
amorphous iron oxide amorphous iron oxide cohesion cohesion goethite goethite hematite hematite internal friction angle internal friction angle
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Hualing , Cen, Nanbo , Zheng, Qinmin et al. Analysis of the Shear Strength of Iron Oxide-Kaolinite Cementing Materials in Granite Red Soil [J]. | MINERALS , 2025 , 15 (1) . |
| MLA | Yan, Hualing et al. "Analysis of the Shear Strength of Iron Oxide-Kaolinite Cementing Materials in Granite Red Soil" . | MINERALS 15 . 1 (2025) . |
| APA | Yan, Hualing , Cen, Nanbo , Zheng, Qinmin , Lin, Jinshi , Jiang, Fangshi , Huang, Yanhe et al. Analysis of the Shear Strength of Iron Oxide-Kaolinite Cementing Materials in Granite Red Soil . | MINERALS , 2025 , 15 (1) . |
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Study region: Red soil region of southern China Study focus: Land use/cover changes significantly affect the ecosystem's potential for sediment detachment and transport capacity. These impacts can be manifested through variations in sediment connectivity, which reflects the continuity and strength of runoff and sediment pathways at a given point in time. Combining the sediment connectivity index (IC) with observed sediment data, this study assessed the dynamics of structural sediment connectivity and its response to land use/cover changes in a representative watershed of southern China's red soil region. New hydrological insight for the region: Over four decades of soil erosion control, land use and landscape patterns have changed minimally, but the vegetation cover has increased significantly. The mean IC values were-0.88,-0.87 and-3.77 in 1986, 2000 and 2019, respectively, indicating a great decrease in structural sediment connectivity. Croplands and highly fragmented landscape patterns can lead to high IC values. The changes in vegetation cover were the direct cause of IC reduction, which resulted in temporal variations in structural sediment connectivity. These variations aligned chronologically with regional development patterns and policies. Sediment connectivity changes became the main factor controlling sediment yield in the watershed from 2001 to 2020, reducing it by 57.56 % compared to 1982-1995 period. These findings provide spatial guidance for optimizing landscape patterns and cropland management to mitigate sediment connectivity hotspots in red soil regions.
Keyword ：
Landscape pattern Landscape pattern Land use/cover Land use/cover Red soil region Red soil region Sediment connectivity Sediment connectivity
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, He , Li, Songyang , Wu, Juan et al. Structural sediment connectivity dynamics in a representative watershed of the southern China's red soil region: Response to land use/cover changes [J]. | JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY-REGIONAL STUDIES , 2025 , 59 . |
| MLA | Wang, He et al. "Structural sediment connectivity dynamics in a representative watershed of the southern China's red soil region: Response to land use/cover changes" . | JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY-REGIONAL STUDIES 59 (2025) . |
| APA | Wang, He , Li, Songyang , Wu, Juan , Li, Huiguang , Zhang, Yue , Jiang, Fangshi et al. Structural sediment connectivity dynamics in a representative watershed of the southern China's red soil region: Response to land use/cover changes . | JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY-REGIONAL STUDIES , 2025 , 59 . |
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Plant roots improve the stability of collapsing walls and prevent their collapse; they are thus important for controlling the degree of Benggang erosion in southern China. The vegetation species on the collapsing walls are diverse, and the interaction of the root systems with soil affects the stability of the collapsing walls. Most recent studies have only examined the effects of single plants. In order to investigate the effects of the roots of different vegetation types on the shear strength of soil in collapsing walls and their interaction mechanisms of action, this study was conducted using the roots of the herb Dicranopteris dichotoma and the shrub Melastoma candidum. A direct shear test of indoor remodeled soil was carried out by varying water content (15%, 25%) and herb to shrub root ratio (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100). The results showed that the shear strength (96.09 kPa) and cohesion (49.26 kPa) of root-containing soil were significantly higher than plain soil (91.77 kPa, 42.17 kPa), and the highest values were obtained when herb to shrub root ratio was 100:0 (113.27 kPa, 62.85 kPa). Here, tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the tensile force and tensile strength of the roots of Dicranopteris dichotoma were weaker but effective for maintaining soil stability because of their abundance roots, which could achieve a stronger bond to soil. Simultaneously, herbaceous roots have a small diameter, the Root Area Ratio (RAR) of the roots is larger under the same mass condition, which can better contact with soil and the mechanical properties of roots are fully utilized. Therefore, the soil shear strength is higher and can better resist external damage when herbaceous roots accounts for a larger proportion. The results of this research have implications for the selection and allocation of ecological measures for prevention and control of Benggang.
Keyword ：
Herb roots Herb roots Reinforced soil Reinforced soil Roots proportion Roots proportion Shrub roots Shrub roots Soil mechanics Soil mechanics Vegetation restoration Vegetation restoration
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| GB/T 7714 | Shuai, Fang , Wang, Hua , Ha, Fang et al. Impact of the root ratio of herbs and shrubs on the soil shear strength of collapsing walls in Benggang [J]. | JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE , 2025 , 22 (4) : 1431-1445 . |
| MLA | Shuai, Fang et al. "Impact of the root ratio of herbs and shrubs on the soil shear strength of collapsing walls in Benggang" . | JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE 22 . 4 (2025) : 1431-1445 . |
| APA | Shuai, Fang , Wang, Hua , Ha, Fang , Zhan, Yuanyuan , Shen, Haoming , Ma, Bo et al. Impact of the root ratio of herbs and shrubs on the soil shear strength of collapsing walls in Benggang . | JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE , 2025 , 22 (4) , 1431-1445 . |
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Gravel coverage on slopes influences overland flow and soil erosion. However, the effect of different gravel sizes on the soil erosion process remains underexplored. In this study, a runoff scour test was performed to examine the effects of gravel coverage on the hydrodynamic characteristics of slope runoff and sediment transport capacity (Tc). The slope gradient varied from 18% to 84%, the unit flow discharge ranged from 0.27 x 10-3 to 1.11 x 10-3 m2 s-1, and gravel coverage was adjusted from 0% to 90%. The results reveal that water depth, shear stress, and stream power increased with gravel coverage. However, once coverage exceeded 20%, flow velocity and unit stream power decreased and stabilized. As gravel coverage increased, the hydraulic regimes transitioned from laminar to turbulent flow and shifted from supercritical to subcritical. Consequently, Tc first increased and then decreased with the increase in gravel coverage, reaching a peak at 20% coverage (1.66 kg m-1 s-1). Moreover, the degree of coverage indirectly influenced Tc through grain shear stress. The new equations, based on the Box-Lucas function, incorporated slope, grain shear stress, and flow velocity, thereby effectively simulating Tc for runoff on gravel-covered slopes (R2 = 0.94, NSE = 0.94). These findings provide a basis for modeling soil erosion on gravel-covered slopes.
Keyword ：
gravel coverage gravel coverage hydrodynamic characteristics hydrodynamic characteristics overland flow overland flow sediment transport capacity sediment transport capacity
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| GB/T 7714 | Shen, Haoming , Zhu, Zhehao , Chen, Yuyang et al. Influence of Gravel Coverage on Hydraulic Characteristics and Sediment Transport Capacity of Runoff on Steep Slopes [J]. | WATER , 2025 , 17 (3) . |
| MLA | Shen, Haoming et al. "Influence of Gravel Coverage on Hydraulic Characteristics and Sediment Transport Capacity of Runoff on Steep Slopes" . | WATER 17 . 3 (2025) . |
| APA | Shen, Haoming , Zhu, Zhehao , Chen, Yuyang , Wu, Wei , Sun, Shujun , Zhang, Yue et al. Influence of Gravel Coverage on Hydraulic Characteristics and Sediment Transport Capacity of Runoff on Steep Slopes . | WATER , 2025 , 17 (3) . |
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A novel polyurethane (W-OH), namely an eco-friendly hydrophilic polymer, has been widely applied in the field of soil erosion. However, recent research has not revealed the process and mechanisms through which W-OH application influences the soil detachment by concentrated overland flow (hereinafter referred to as soil detachment). In this study, the effects of the W-OH concentration on the physical and mechanical properties and the detachment capacity of colluvial deposit slope soil were investigated, and the impact of the relationship between the flow discharge and the W-OH concentration on the soil detachment capacity was examined under the experimental conditions. The results indicated that W-OH application significantly increased the large-particle content in the soil samples, enhanced the strength properties of the soil samples, reduced their separation capacity, and increased their stability. The structural equation modelling results revealed that W-OH application influences the soil detachment capacity primarily by affecting the shear strength, which exerts a significant negative effect on the detachment capacity (path coefficient = -0.57, p < 0.001). The soil detachment capacity prediction equation, which is based on the flow discharge and W-OH concentration, exhibited satisfactory accuracy (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) = 0.964) and can be used to predict the soil detachment capacity with high precision under similar experimental conditions. In addition, at a W-OH concentration above 1.53%, the impact on the soil detachment capacity is greater than that of the flow discharge. This study focused on investigating the process and mechanisms through which W-OH application reduces soil erosion on colluvial deposit slopes, thereby providing reference data for the management of Benggang erosion.
Keyword ：
aggregation effect aggregation effect hydrodynamic parameters hydrodynamic parameters mechanical properties mechanical properties soil detachment capacity soil detachment capacity soil erosion soil erosion
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Zhenggang , Chen, Yuyang , Zhu, Zhehao et al. Control Effect of a Novel Polyurethane (W-OH) on Colluvial Deposit Slope Erosion in the Benggang Area of Southern China [J]. | WATER , 2025 , 17 (4) . |
| MLA | Zhang, Zhenggang et al. "Control Effect of a Novel Polyurethane (W-OH) on Colluvial Deposit Slope Erosion in the Benggang Area of Southern China" . | WATER 17 . 4 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhang, Zhenggang , Chen, Yuyang , Zhu, Zhehao , Meng, Ying , Wu, Wei , Zhou, Yiyang et al. Control Effect of a Novel Polyurethane (W-OH) on Colluvial Deposit Slope Erosion in the Benggang Area of Southern China . | WATER , 2025 , 17 (4) . |
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Soil phosphorus plays an important role in the soil ecological environment and sustainable development of the fruit industry in the soil hilly region of southern China, but the impact of different mulching measures on soil available phosphorus and phosphorus fractions in orchards remains unclear. In this study, soil basic physicochemical properties, available phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus fractions and their interrelationships under natural grass cover (NG), film mulch (FM) and clean tillage (CK) in orchards were explored. Compared to CK treatment, both FM and NG treatments have been shown to increase the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and available nitrogen (AN). Additionally, compared with the FM treatment, the NG treatment increased total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available potassium (AK), and soil acid phosphatase (S-ACP), resulting in greater improvements in soil fertility. The NG treatment increased the contents of aluminium-bound phosphate (Al-P) and iron-bound phosphate (Fe-P) in the 0-40 cm soil layer, whereas the FM treatment decreased the contents of Fe-P and Al-P and increased the content of occluded phosphate (O-P). Compared with the CK treatment, the NG treatment significantly increased the available phosphorus in the 0-40 cm soil layer, whereas the FM treatment significantly decreased it. Redundancy analysis revealed that pH and S-ACP were the main factors affecting soil phosphorus components. Al-P, Fe-P, and S-ACP were the three factors with the highest correlations with available phosphorus. However, according to multiple stepwise analyses, only Al-P was directly related to available phosphorus. Overall, in the southeast hilly orchards, the NG treatment improved soil nutrient and enzyme activity and is considered an effective strategy to increase the biological effectiveness of phosphorus while reducing leaching losses.
Keyword ：
availability availability bray1-P bray1-P citrus citrus macronutrient macronutrient multiple stepwise regression analysis multiple stepwise regression analysis soil quality soil quality
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhou, Bangning , Li, Heming , Zhuo, Zuopin et al. Effects of different mulching measures on soil physicochemical properties and phosphorus fractions in orchards in the southeast hilly region of China [J]. | PLANT SOIL AND ENVIRONMENT , 2025 , 71 (3) : 171-184 . |
| MLA | Zhou, Bangning et al. "Effects of different mulching measures on soil physicochemical properties and phosphorus fractions in orchards in the southeast hilly region of China" . | PLANT SOIL AND ENVIRONMENT 71 . 3 (2025) : 171-184 . |
| APA | Zhou, Bangning , Li, Heming , Zhuo, Zuopin , Wang, Lei , Yang, Maojin , Lin, Jinshi et al. Effects of different mulching measures on soil physicochemical properties and phosphorus fractions in orchards in the southeast hilly region of China . | PLANT SOIL AND ENVIRONMENT , 2025 , 71 (3) , 171-184 . |
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Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a vital role in maintaining soil health and productivity in the red soil hilly regions of southern China. However, the specific changes in active SOC fractions and their relationships with the microbial community under grass cultivation remain unclear. Grass cultivation was implemented in 5-year-old and 16-year-old orchards, with clear tillage as the control, to assess its effects on soil properties, active SOC fractions, and the bacterial community structure. Grass cultivation significantly improved soil fertility and carbon components, with the 16-year-old orchard showing the greatest increase. The SOC content increased by 56.64% in the 16-year orchard and by 21.24% in the 5-year-old orchard compared with that in clear tillage, and the particulate organic carbon (POC) content increased by 0.46 gkg-(1) in the 5-year-old orchard and more substantially in the 16-year-old orchard. Although the pH remained consistent across treatments, grass cultivation significantly increased bacterial diversity, with higher Chao1 and Shannon indices under long-term grass cultivation. Proteobacteria presented the highest relative abundance, while redundancy analysis revealed that soil properties and the bacterial community structure significantly influenced active SOC fractions. Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Proteobacteria were key factors in explaining carbon variation in long-term grass cultivation orchards. This study revealed that grass cultivation in orchards effectively increased soil fertility, SOC active fractions, and bacterial diversity. Moreover, long-term grass cultivation was more effective at improving soil quality and carbon sequestration capacity than short-term grass cultivation. This study integrates SOC fraction analysis with microbial community characteristics to reveal the temporal effects of microbial communities on active carbon fractions under grass cultivation. It offers a unique perspective on enhancing soil carbon storage through long-term orchard management. These findings provide essential theoretical support for optimizing soil management practices and promoting sustainable orchard production in the red soil hilly areas of southern China.
Keyword ：
Active SOC Fractions Active SOC Fractions Bacterial Community Bacterial Community Grass Cultivation Grass Cultivation Orchard Orchard
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhuo, Zhuopin , Li, Heming , Zhou, Bangning et al. Effects of Grass Cultivation on the Soil Organic Carbon of Citrus Orchard Soil and Their Microbial Mechanisms in Red Soil Hilly Areas [J]. | JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION , 2025 , 25 (2) : 4880-4896 . |
| MLA | Zhuo, Zhuopin et al. "Effects of Grass Cultivation on the Soil Organic Carbon of Citrus Orchard Soil and Their Microbial Mechanisms in Red Soil Hilly Areas" . | JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 25 . 2 (2025) : 4880-4896 . |
| APA | Zhuo, Zhuopin , Li, Heming , Zhou, Bangning , Wang, Xiaopeng , Lin, Xiaohui , Wang, Lei et al. Effects of Grass Cultivation on the Soil Organic Carbon of Citrus Orchard Soil and Their Microbial Mechanisms in Red Soil Hilly Areas . | JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION , 2025 , 25 (2) , 4880-4896 . |
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Plant roots improve the stability of collapsing walls and prevent their collapse;they are thus important for controlling the degree of Benggang erosion in southern China.The vegetation species on the collapsing walls are diverse,and the interaction of the root systems with soil affects the stability of the collapsing walls.Most recent studies have only examined the effects of single plants.In order to investigate the effects of the roots of different vegetation types on the shear strength of soil in collapsing walls and their interaction mechanisms of action,this study was conducted using the roots of the herb Dicranopteris dichotoma and the shrub Melastoma candidum.A direct shear test of indoor remodeled soil was carried out by varying water content(15％,25％)and herb to shrub root ratio(100∶0,75∶25,50∶50,25∶75,and 0∶100).The results showed that the shear strength(96.09 kPa)and cohesion(49.26 kPa)of root-containing soil were significantly higher than plain soil(91.77 kPa,42.17 kPa),and the highest values were obtained when herb to shrub root ratio was 100∶0(113.27 kPa,62.85 kPa).Here,tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the tensile force and tensile strength of the roots of Dicranopteris dichotoma were weaker but effective for maintaining soil stability because of their abundance roots,which could achieve a stronger bond to soil.Simultaneously,herbaceous roots have a small diameter,the Root Area Ratio(RAR)of the roots is larger under the same mass condition,which can better contact with soil and the mechanical properties of roots are fully utilized.Therefore,the soil shear strength is higher and can better resist external damage when herbaceous roots accounts for a larger proportion.The results of this research have implications for the selection and allocation of ecological measures for prevention and control of Benggang.
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| GB/T 7714 | SHUAI Fang , WANG Hua , HA Fang et al. Impact of the root ratio of herbs and shrubs on the soil shear strength of collapsing walls in Benggang [J]. | 山地科学学报（英文） , 2025 , 22 (4) : 1431-1445,中插18 . |
| MLA | SHUAI Fang et al. "Impact of the root ratio of herbs and shrubs on the soil shear strength of collapsing walls in Benggang" . | 山地科学学报（英文） 22 . 4 (2025) : 1431-1445,中插18 . |
| APA | SHUAI Fang , WANG Hua , HA Fang , ZHAN Yuanyuan , SHEN Haoming , MA Bo et al. Impact of the root ratio of herbs and shrubs on the soil shear strength of collapsing walls in Benggang . | 山地科学学报（英文） , 2025 , 22 (4) , 1431-1445,中插18 . |
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Flow velocity serves as a key hydraulic parameter in examining rill erosion on slopes. Analysing the characteristics of flow velocity changes and their influencing factors is critical for understanding the rill erosion process and hydrodynamic mechanisms. However, the understanding of the mechanism of flow velocity changes in gravel-laden hyperconcentrated flows on steep slopes is still limited. In this study, different soil-gravel mixtures (with gravel mass contents ranging from 0% to 70% and gravel clast median diameters ranging from 0.08 to 2.95 mm) were used in indoor runoff scouring tests to examine the influence and mechanisms of gravel content on flow velocity under varying unit flow discharges (1.11-4.44 x 10(-3) m(2) s(-1)) and slopes (18-84%). These results indicate that a relatively high gravel content in the sediment significantly impedes the flow velocity. The structural equation model indicates that gravel content primarily reduces flow velocity by positively influencing settling velocity (path coefficient = 0.990, p < 0.001), which in turn exerts a suppressive effect on flow velocity (path coefficient between settling velocity and flow velocity = -0.295, p < 0.001). The contributions of flow discharge, slope and gravel content to flow velocity are 79.7%, 15.6% and 0.5%, respectively. The flow velocity prediction equation established on the basis of these three factors is not only highly accurate (NSE = 0.918) but also has easily obtainable parameters, making it the preferred equation for predicting the rill flow velocity. This study explored the mechanism of flow velocity changes in hyperconcentrated flows on steep slopes, enhancing the understanding of the relationship between sediment particles and the flow velocity, which aids in elucidating the erosion process in soil-gravel mixtures.
Keyword ：
Flow velocity Flow velocity Rill erosion Rill erosion Sediment content Sediment content Sediment particle characteristics Sediment particle characteristics Settling velocity Settling velocity Soil erosion Soil erosion
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Zhenggang , Zhu, Zhehao , Chen, Yuyang et al. The effect of gravel content on the velocity of hyperconcentrated rill flow under steep slope conditions [J]. | EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS , 2025 , 50 (10) . |
| MLA | Zhang, Zhenggang et al. "The effect of gravel content on the velocity of hyperconcentrated rill flow under steep slope conditions" . | EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS 50 . 10 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhang, Zhenggang , Zhu, Zhehao , Chen, Yuyang , Wu, Wei , Meng, Ying , Zhou, Yiyang et al. The effect of gravel content on the velocity of hyperconcentrated rill flow under steep slope conditions . | EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS , 2025 , 50 (10) . |
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