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学者姓名：陈斌
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Introduction Caffeinated chewing gum, known for its rapid absorption, has not been previously studied for its effects on maximal strength and muscular endurance in resistance exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of caffeinated chewing gum on maximal strength and muscular endurance during bench press and back squat exercises. Methods In a randomized, double-blind design, 16 resistance-trained males (age: 21.6 +/- 2.0 years, height: 176.8 +/- 6.1 cm, mass: 79.6 +/- 8.8 kg) chewed either caffeinated gum (3 mg/kg) or a placebo gum on two occasions, 1 week apart. After a standardized warm-up, participants chewed the gum for 5 min before performing maximal strength test (one-repetition maximum [1RM]) and muscular endurance test (60% 1RM repetitions to failure) for bench press and back squat exercises. 1RM, number of repetitions, ratings of perceived exertion and pain perception were assessed. Results Caffeinated chewing gum significantly improved 1RM in both bench press (105.3 +/- 14.5 vs. 100.3 +/- 13.4 kg, +5.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.7-6.3%], p < 0.01) and back squat (172.3 +/- 20.2 vs. 161.9 +/- 22.3 kg, +6.8% [95%CI: 4.1-9.5%], p < 0.01) exercises with small effect size (Cohen's d: 0.36 [95%CI: 0.09-0.63] and 0.49 [95%CI: 0.22-0.76], respectively), despite similar levels of pain perception and RPE (p > 0.05). It also increased the number of repetitions in both bench press (20 +/- 5 vs. 17 +/- 4, +18.8% [95%CI: 11.5-26.1%], p < 0.01) and back squat (37 +/- 11 vs. 28 +/- 8, +33.3% [95%CI: 23.1-43.4%], p < 0.01) exercises with moderate-to-large effect size (Cohen's d: 0.76 [95%CI: 0.48-1.03] and 0.89 [95%CI: 0.60-1.16], respectively), despite similar levels of pain perception and RPE (p > 0.05). Discussion Caffeinated chewing gum (3 mg/kg) improved both maximal strength and muscular endurance during bench press and back squat exercises in resistance-trained men. This approach offers a practical and time-efficient method to improve training performance while minimizing the risk of side effects.
Keyword ：
caffeine caffeine ergogenic aid ergogenic aid nutritional supplement nutritional supplement one-maximum repetition one-maximum repetition repetitions to failure repetitions to failure
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| GB/T 7714 | Ding, Li , Liu, Jue , Yao, Yi et al. Caffeinated chewing gum enhances maximal strength and muscular endurance during bench press and back squat exercises in resistance-trained men [J]. | FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION , 2025 , 12 . |
| MLA | Ding, Li et al. "Caffeinated chewing gum enhances maximal strength and muscular endurance during bench press and back squat exercises in resistance-trained men" . | FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION 12 (2025) . |
| APA | Ding, Li , Liu, Jue , Yao, Yi , Guo, Li , Chen, Bin , Cao, Yinhang et al. Caffeinated chewing gum enhances maximal strength and muscular endurance during bench press and back squat exercises in resistance-trained men . | FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION , 2025 , 12 . |
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Background/Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of caffeinated chewing gum on maximal strength, muscular power, and neural drive to the prime movers during bench press and back squat in resistance-trained men. Methods: Sixteen resistance-trained males participated in a double-blind, randomized trial, chewing either caffeinated gum (4 mg/kg) or placebo gum on two separate occasions, seven days apart. After chewing for 5 min, participants performed a maximal strength test followed by muscular power assessments at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM), completing with 3, 2, 1, and 1 repetition (s), respectively, for bench press and back squat. Surface electromyography data were recorded for each repetition. Results: Caffeinated gum did not significantly improve one-repetition maximum (1RM) for bench press (p > 0.05), but increased mean frequency (MF) and median frequency (MDF) in anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, and biceps brachii (all p < 0.05) compared to placebo. For back squat, 1RM increased with caffeinated gum, along with higher MF and MDF in vastus medialis (all p < 0.05). Caffeinated gum also improved mean and peak velocities, and mean and peak power outputs at 25-75% 1RM during the bench press (all p < 0.05), along with elevated MDF in pectoralis major and biceps brachii (all p < 0.05). Similar improvements were seen in mean and peak velocities during the back squat at 25-90% 1RM (all p < 0.05), along with higher MF and MDF in vastus medialis and increased normalized root mean square activity in gluteus maximus (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Caffeinated chewing gum (4 mg/kg) enhanced muscular power (25-75% 1RM) in the bench press and improved maximal strength and muscular power (25-90% 1RM) in the back squat by increasing muscle recruitment in resistance-trained men.
Keyword ：
ergogenic aid ergogenic aid neuromuscular function neuromuscular function nutritional supplement nutritional supplement one-maximum repetition one-maximum repetition resistance exercise resistance exercise
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| GB/T 7714 | Ding, Li , Liu, Jue , Ma, Yixuan et al. Effect of Caffeinated Chewing Gum on Maximal Strength, Muscular Power, and Muscle Recruitment During Bench Press and Back Squat Exercises [J]. | NUTRIENTS , 2025 , 17 (15) . |
| MLA | Ding, Li et al. "Effect of Caffeinated Chewing Gum on Maximal Strength, Muscular Power, and Muscle Recruitment During Bench Press and Back Squat Exercises" . | NUTRIENTS 17 . 15 (2025) . |
| APA | Ding, Li , Liu, Jue , Ma, Yixuan , Lei, Tze-Huan , Barnes, Mathew , Guo, Li et al. Effect of Caffeinated Chewing Gum on Maximal Strength, Muscular Power, and Muscle Recruitment During Bench Press and Back Squat Exercises . | NUTRIENTS , 2025 , 17 (15) . |
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The creativity of fitness coaches is crucial for maintaining the competitiveness of fitness enterprises. This study aimed to explore the factors, mechanisms, and moderating effects influencing the creativity of fitness coaches (n = 732) in Chinese fitness businesses, using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis. The results indicate that curiosity and sport commitment have a positive impact on knowledge-sharing and flow experience. In addition, knowledge-sharing and flow experience positively influence creativity. Importantly, the curiosity and sport commitment of fitness coaches affect creativity through knowledge-sharing and flow experience. Finally, social media usage positively moderates the relationship between knowledge-sharing and creativity. The findings of this study provide meaningful information and decision-making references for professionals in the fitness industry and academic researchers. Future efforts should emphasize the protection of fitness coaches' creative achievements, with policymakers encouraged to establish relevant legal frameworks to safeguard innovation within the industry.
Keyword ：
Creativity Creativity Curiosity Curiosity Fitness coaches Fitness coaches Flow experience Flow experience Knowledge-sharing Knowledge-sharing Social media usage Social media usage Sport commitment Sport commitment
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Ying , Chen, Bin . Exploring the impact of curiosity and sport commitment on creativity among fitness coaches: the mediating role of knowledge-sharing and flow experience [J]. | PEERJ , 2025 , 13 . |
| MLA | Chen, Ying et al. "Exploring the impact of curiosity and sport commitment on creativity among fitness coaches: the mediating role of knowledge-sharing and flow experience" . | PEERJ 13 (2025) . |
| APA | Chen, Ying , Chen, Bin . Exploring the impact of curiosity and sport commitment on creativity among fitness coaches: the mediating role of knowledge-sharing and flow experience . | PEERJ , 2025 , 13 . |
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Background: Caffeine, widely used as an ergogenic aid, has been extensively studied regarding its dosage and timing of ingestion. However, the impact of different administration methods on caffeine's performance-enhancing effects remains relatively underexplored. This study compared the effects of caffeine administered via chewing gum versus capsules on maximal strength, muscular power, and side effects during bench press and back squat exercises. Methods: Sixteen resistance-trained males participated in a double-blind, randomized trial, ingesting either a 4 mg/kg caffeine capsule (CC) or placebo capsule (PC) one hour before testing, or a 4 mg/kg caffeinated gum (CG) (4 mg/kg) or placebo gum (PG) five minutes prior. Assessments including one-repetition maximum (1RM) and muscular power at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90%1RM for bench press and back squat. Results: Caffeine increased 1RM (+2.1-5.0%) and muscular power (+6.1-20.0%) in both the bench press and back squat compared to placebo (all p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between CC and CG for maximal strength or muscular power (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, CG was associated with fewer reports of gastrointestinal discomfort (12.5% vs. 37.5%) immediately post-exercise and tachycardia/heart palpitations (0% vs. 25.0%) at 24 hours compared to CC (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Caffeinated gum (4 mg/kg) produced ergogenic effects comparable to capsules in enhancing maximal strength and muscular power during bench press and back squat exercises, with fewer side effects in resistance-trained men.
Keyword ：
caffeine administration caffeine administration Ergogenic aid Ergogenic aid load-power relationship load-power relationship one-maximum repetition one-maximum repetition resistance exercise resistance exercise
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| GB/T 7714 | Ding, Li , Liu, Jue , Ma, Yixuan et al. Caffeinated chewing gum produces comparable strength and power gains to capsules with fewer side effects in resistance-trained men [J]. | JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION , 2025 , 22 (1) . |
| MLA | Ding, Li et al. "Caffeinated chewing gum produces comparable strength and power gains to capsules with fewer side effects in resistance-trained men" . | JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION 22 . 1 (2025) . |
| APA | Ding, Li , Liu, Jue , Ma, Yixuan , Bai, Litian , Guo, Li , Chen, Bin et al. Caffeinated chewing gum produces comparable strength and power gains to capsules with fewer side effects in resistance-trained men . | JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION , 2025 , 22 (1) . |
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Background While aerobic training is well-established for improving body composition and metabolic health in normoxia, its effectiveness in hypoxia remains unclear. Objective This meta-analysis examines whether aerobic training in hypoxia is more effective than in normoxia for improving body composition and metabolic health in overweight and/or obese individuals, and identifies optimal exercise prescription variables. Methods A search of five databases was conducted through 10 November 2024. Random-effects meta-analyses evaluated body composition (e.g., body mass and fat mass) and metabolic health markers (e.g., triglycerides and glucose). Subgroup analyses were performed based on hypoxic severity, hypoxic dose, exercise duration, frequency, session length, and age. Results Aerobic training in hypoxia resulted in greater reductions in body mass (mean difference [MD] = -0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.80 to -0.01), triglycerides (MD = -10.78, 95% CI: -20.68 to -0.88), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = -3.74, 95% CI: -6.92 to -0.56, p < 0.05), and insulin resistance (MD = -0.22, 95% CI: -0.33 to -0.11) (all p < 0.05), with a trend towards larger fat mass loss (MD = -1.22, 95% CI: -2.59 to 0.15, p = 0.08). These benefits were more prominent in moderate hypoxia (inspired oxygen fraction [FiO(2)] >= 15%), with hypoxic dose >= 55 kmh, in individuals < 40 years, and with protocols involving >= 4 days/week, >= 60-min sessions, and < 8 weeks of training. Conclusion Aerobic training in hypoxia is more effective than in normoxia for reducing body mass, fat mass, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin resistance in overweight and/or obese individuals. These findings could help inform obesity management strategies using hypoxic training.
Keyword ：
Aerobic training Aerobic training Body composition Body composition Hypoxia Hypoxia Metabolic health Metabolic health Obesity Obesity
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| GB/T 7714 | Ding, Li , Huang, Jin , Chen, Bin et al. Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia on Body Composition and Metabolic Health in Overweight and/or Obese Populations: an Updated Meta-Analysis [J]. | SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN , 2025 , 11 (1) . |
| MLA | Ding, Li et al. "Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia on Body Composition and Metabolic Health in Overweight and/or Obese Populations: an Updated Meta-Analysis" . | SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 11 . 1 (2025) . |
| APA | Ding, Li , Huang, Jin , Chen, Bin , Liu, Jue , Guo, Li , Cao, Yinhang et al. Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia on Body Composition and Metabolic Health in Overweight and/or Obese Populations: an Updated Meta-Analysis . | SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN , 2025 , 11 (1) . |
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Background/Objectives: The ergogenic effects of caffeine in team sports, particularly volleyball, have received significant research attention. This study sought to examine the effects of caffeine on both volleyball-specific and general performance outcomes. Methods: This systematic review comprises 11 studies, each utilizing a blinded crossover experimental design. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effect model to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD), estimated by Hedges' g, with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Caffeine supplementation improved volleyball-specific outcomes, including attack and serve accuracy (SMD: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.11-0.90; p = 0.01). Regarding nonspecific outcomes, caffeine increased single-jump performance (SMD: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.02-0.44; p = 0.03), repeated-jump performance (SMD: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.05-0.96; p = 0.03), and handgrip strength (SMD: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.03-0.42; p = 0.02), while decreasing agility test completion time (SMD: -0.32; 95% CI: -0.60-0.03; p = 0.03). Furthermore, caffeine increased the frequency of positive game actions during simulated volleyball matches (SMD: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.26-1.43; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Caffeine supplementation enhances physical performance and volleyball-specific actions during competition, supporting its role as an effective ergogenic aid for volleyball players.
Keyword ：
ergogenic aid ergogenic aid physical performance physical performance sports performance sports performance team sports team sports
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Bin , Zhang, Chuanmin , Xu, Zhenghong et al. Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Volleyball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [J]. | NUTRIENTS , 2025 , 17 (10) . |
| MLA | Chen, Bin et al. "Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Volleyball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" . | NUTRIENTS 17 . 10 (2025) . |
| APA | Chen, Bin , Zhang, Chuanmin , Xu, Zhenghong , Li, Yiqian , Guo, Li , Cao, Yinhang et al. Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Volleyball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis . | NUTRIENTS , 2025 , 17 (10) . |
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Understanding the psychological mechanism underlying physical activity (PA) participation in individuals with physical disabilities is crucial. In the current study, a conceptual model derived from extant literature was utilized to examine how perceived barriers, attitude, subjective norm, and self-efficacy are associated with intention and action of PA for people with disabilities. We recruited 371 adults (male = 215; female = 154; unidentified = 1; Mage = 53.20 +/- 11.52 yr) with various physical disabilities. Structural equation modeling indicated that subjective norm, attitude, personal efficacy, environmental efficacy, and intention were positively associated with health actions, whereas internal, interpersonal, and environmental barriers showed negative associations. Internal and interpersonal barriers showed associations with lower motivation through self-efficacy and subjective norm, while environmental barriers were associated with diminished volitional processes through environmental efficacy. PA participation among individuals with disabilities appears to be shaped by different types of barriers and social cognitive variables across various stages of behavioral engagement. Limitations, practical implications, and future directions are also discussed.
Keyword ：
physically disabled population physically disabled population psychological constraints psychological constraints quality of life quality of life social cognition social cognition
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| GB/T 7714 | Lin, Cen-Yi , Shen, Wei-Jiun , Lu, Frank J. H. et al. Predicting Physical Activity in Adults With Physical Disabilities: An Adaptation of the Physical Activity for Individuals With Disabilities and Health Action Process Approach Models [J]. | ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUARTERLY , 2025 . |
| MLA | Lin, Cen-Yi et al. "Predicting Physical Activity in Adults With Physical Disabilities: An Adaptation of the Physical Activity for Individuals With Disabilities and Health Action Process Approach Models" . | ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUARTERLY (2025) . |
| APA | Lin, Cen-Yi , Shen, Wei-Jiun , Lu, Frank J. H. , Hsieh, Yun-Che , Fang, Bin -Bin , Chen, Bin . Predicting Physical Activity in Adults With Physical Disabilities: An Adaptation of the Physical Activity for Individuals With Disabilities and Health Action Process Approach Models . | ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUARTERLY , 2025 . |
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Background: Caffeine, widely recognized as an ergogenic aid, has undergone extensive research, demonstrating its effectiveness to enhance endurance performance. However, there remains a significant gap in systematically evaluating its effects on time trial (TT) performance in cyclists. Purpose: This meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of caffeine ingestion to increase cycling TT performance in cyclists and to evaluate the optimal dosage range for maximum effect. Methods: A search of four databases was completed on 1 December 2023. The selected studies comprised crossover, placebo-controlled investigations into the effects of caffeine ingestion on cycling TT performance. Completion time (Time) and mean power output (MPO) were used as performance measures for TT. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to assess the standardized mean differences (SMD) in individual studies. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analyses. Subgroup analysis showed that moderate doses of caffeine intake (4-6 mg/kg) significantly improved cycling performance (SMD (Time) = -0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.84 similar to -0.26, p < 0.01, I-2 = 35%; SMD (MPO) = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.09 similar to 0.79, p < 0.05, I-2 = 39%), while the effects of low doses (1-3 mg/kg) of caffeine were not significant (SMD (Time) = -0.34, 95% CI = -0.84 similar to 0.17, p = 0.19, I-2 = 0%; SMD (MPO) = 0.31, 95% CI = -0.02 similar to 0.65, p = 0.07, I-2 = 0%). Conclusion: A moderate dosage (4-6 mg/kg) of caffeine, identified as the optimal dose range, can significantly improve the time trial performance of cyclists, while a low dose (1-3 mg/kg) does not yield improvement. In addition, the improvements in completion time and mean power output resulting from a moderate dose of caffeine are essentially the same in cycling time trails.
Keyword ：
cycling cycling Ergogenic aid Ergogenic aid power output power output self-paced exercise self-paced exercise supplements supplements time trial time trial
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Bin , Ding, Li , Qin, Qiyang et al. Effect of caffeine ingestion on time trial performance in cyclists: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. | JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION , 2024 , 21 (1) . |
| MLA | Chen, Bin et al. "Effect of caffeine ingestion on time trial performance in cyclists: a systematic review and meta-analysis" . | JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION 21 . 1 (2024) . |
| APA | Chen, Bin , Ding, Li , Qin, Qiyang , Lei, Tze-Huan , Girard, Olivier , Cao, Yinhang . Effect of caffeine ingestion on time trial performance in cyclists: a systematic review and meta-analysis . | JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION , 2024 , 21 (1) . |
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咖啡因作为一种功能增进营养补剂，广泛应用于耐力运动员的训练和竞赛中。通过系统梳理探讨摄入咖啡因对耐力运动员计时赛、恒定负荷运动和递增负荷运动至力竭3种类型运动表现影响的相关研究，总结咖啡因对耐力运动员运动表现的影响规律，以期为我国教练员和运动员优化营养补剂方案提供理论依据。结果显示，自行车、中长跑及赛艇等耐力运动员多以胶囊形式摄入低中高剂量咖啡因（3～9 mg/kg）来提高耐力运动表现，但对于不同类型运动表现的有效剂量及作用机制存在差异。另外，咖啡因与其他营养补剂混合摄入的效果以及咖啡因不同摄入方式、性别差异、基因组别、安慰剂效应等对其功能增进效果的影响是咖啡因研究领域未来的发展方向。
Keyword ：
咖啡因 咖啡因 恒定负荷 恒定负荷 耐力性项目 耐力性项目 营养补剂 营养补剂 计时赛 计时赛 递增负荷 递增负荷
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| GB/T 7714 | 秦启阳 , 陈斌 , 郭黎 et al. 咖啡因对耐力运动员运动表现的影响：效果及机制 [J]. | 体育科研 , 2024 , 45 (01) : 93-103 . |
| MLA | 秦启阳 et al. "咖啡因对耐力运动员运动表现的影响：效果及机制" . | 体育科研 45 . 01 (2024) : 93-103 . |
| APA | 秦启阳 , 陈斌 , 郭黎 , 曹银行 . 咖啡因对耐力运动员运动表现的影响：效果及机制 . | 体育科研 , 2024 , 45 (01) , 93-103 . |
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Superstition exists in every culture, and particularly in sports. This study aimed to develop a reliable and valid Sports Superstition Attitude Scale (SSAS) and test the influences of superstition on athletes' behavior. Study #1 developed an initial SSAS draft and examined content validity and reliability. Study #2 examined SSAS factorial structure and construct validity. Study #3 tested hypothesized relationships among athletic identity, locus of control, superstition, and fear of failure. Results found by SSAS comprised three components: ritual and taboo, lucky charms, and folk culture, and showed appropriate construct validity and reliability. Theoretical model examination found that athletic identity and external control interact with superstition to predict fear of failure. We concluded that the 15-item three-factor SSAS is a reliable and valid sport-specific superstition measure that can be used in future studies. We suggest future studies examine how psychosocial factors influence athletes' behavior and superstition. Limitations and suggestions for future study are also discussed.
Keyword ：
athletic identity athletic identity lucky charms lucky charms misattribution misattribution supernatural beliefs supernatural beliefs uncertainty hypothesis uncertainty hypothesis
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| GB/T 7714 | Chuang, Wen-Chuan , Lu, Frank J. H. , Fang, Bin-Bin et al. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPORTS SUPERSTITION ATTITUDE SCALE: EXAMINING THE INFLUENCES OF SUPERSTITION ON ATHLETES' BEHAVIOR [J]. | KINESIOLOGY , 2024 , 56 (1) : 135-144 . |
| MLA | Chuang, Wen-Chuan et al. "DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPORTS SUPERSTITION ATTITUDE SCALE: EXAMINING THE INFLUENCES OF SUPERSTITION ON ATHLETES' BEHAVIOR" . | KINESIOLOGY 56 . 1 (2024) : 135-144 . |
| APA | Chuang, Wen-Chuan , Lu, Frank J. H. , Fang, Bin-Bin , Bin-Chen , Zhang, Zhiyang , Gill, Diane L. . DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPORTS SUPERSTITION ATTITUDE SCALE: EXAMINING THE INFLUENCES OF SUPERSTITION ON ATHLETES' BEHAVIOR . | KINESIOLOGY , 2024 , 56 (1) , 135-144 . |
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