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学者姓名：刘岩林
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Abstract ：
The target of rapamycin (TOR) is a central regulator of growth, development, and stress adaptation in plants. This review delves into the molecular intricacies of TOR signaling, highlighting its conservation and specificity across eukaryotic lineages. We explore the molecular architecture of TOR complexes, their regulation by a myriad of upstream signals, and their consequential impacts on plant physiology. The roles of TOR in orchestrating nutrient sensing, hormonal cues, and environmental signals are highlighted, illustrating its pivotal function in modulating plant growth and development. Furthermore, we examine the impact of TOR on plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses, underscoring its potential as a target for agricultural improvements. This synthesis of current knowledge on plant TOR signaling sheds light on the complex interplay between growth promotion and stress adaptation, offering a foundation for future research and applications in plant biology.
Keyword ：
amino acid sensing amino acid sensing glucose signaling glucose signaling SNF1-related protein kinase 1 SNF1-related protein kinase 1 target of rapamycin target of rapamycin trade-off trade-off
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Yanlin , Hu, Jun , Duan, Xiaoli et al. Target of Rapamycin (TOR): A Master Regulator in Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Responses [J]. | ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY , 2025 , 76 : 341-371 . |
| MLA | Liu, Yanlin et al. "Target of Rapamycin (TOR): A Master Regulator in Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Responses" . | ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 76 (2025) : 341-371 . |
| APA | Liu, Yanlin , Hu, Jun , Duan, Xiaoli , Ding, Wenlong , Xu, Menglan , Xiong, Yan . Target of Rapamycin (TOR): A Master Regulator in Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Responses . | ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY , 2025 , 76 , 341-371 . |
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Targeted insertion of large DNA sequences into plant genomes remains a major challenge in synthetic biology. Here, we evaluate the large serine recombinase Kp03 for site-specific integration of DNA fragments in rice and Arabidopsis. In transient protoplast assays, Kp03 mediates efficient insertion of donor DNA up to 27.3 kilobases (kb), with plasmid integration efficiencies reaching 99.1% for fragments up to 3.4 kb. Truncation experiments reveal that a minimal 15-bp attB sequence is necessary for integration. As a proof of concept, Kp03 successfully incorporates a 3.4-kb donor DNA into the rice genome at a locus containing this minimal attB sequence. Moreover, in rice callus, combining Kp03 with the NM-PE genome editing system to install a 26-bp attB site enables targeted integration of a 3.4-kb donor at the desired genomic locus. These findings establish Kp03 as a versatile tool for plant genome engineering, with broad applications for synthetic biology.
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Daqi , Meng, Yanyan , Zhang, Nan et al. Efficient site-specific integration of kilobase-length DNA fragments in plant cells via Kp03 recombinase [J]. | CELL REPORTS , 2025 , 44 (11) . |
| MLA | Yan, Daqi et al. "Efficient site-specific integration of kilobase-length DNA fragments in plant cells via Kp03 recombinase" . | CELL REPORTS 44 . 11 (2025) . |
| APA | Yan, Daqi , Meng, Yanyan , Zhang, Nan , Zhao, Yali , Ning, Conghui , Zhu, Lina et al. Efficient site-specific integration of kilobase-length DNA fragments in plant cells via Kp03 recombinase . | CELL REPORTS , 2025 , 44 (11) . |
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The flavor profile of tea is influenced not only by different tea varieties but also by the surrounding soil environment. Recent studies have indicated the regulatory role of soil microbes residing in plant roots in nutrient uptake and metabolism. However, the impact of this regulatory mechanism on tea quality remains unclear. In this study, we showed that a consortium of microbes isolated from tea roots enhanced ammonia uptake and facilitated the synthesis of theanine, a key determinant of tea taste. Variations were observed in the composition of microbial populations colonizing tea roots and the rhizosphere across different seasons and tea varieties. By comparing the root microorganisms of the high-theanine tea variety Rougui with the low-theanine variety Maoxie, we identified a specific group of microbes that potentially modulate nitrogen metabolism, subsequently influencing the theanine levels in tea. Furthermore, we constructed a synthetic microbial community (SynCom) mirroring the microbe population composition found in Rougui roots. Remarkably, applying SynCom resulted in a significant increase in the theanine content of tea plants and imparted greater tolerance to nitrogen deficiency in Arabidopsis. Our study provides compelling evidence supporting the use of root microorganisms as functional microbial fertilizers to enhance tea quality.
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| GB/T 7714 | Xin, Wei , Zhang, Jianming , Yu, Yongdong et al. Root microbiota of tea plants regulate nitrogen homeostasis and theanine synthesis to influence tea quality [J]. | CURRENT BIOLOGY , 2024 , 34 (4) . |
| MLA | Xin, Wei et al. "Root microbiota of tea plants regulate nitrogen homeostasis and theanine synthesis to influence tea quality" . | CURRENT BIOLOGY 34 . 4 (2024) . |
| APA | Xin, Wei , Zhang, Jianming , Yu, Yongdong , Tian, Yunhe , Li, Hao , Chen, Xiaolu et al. Root microbiota of tea plants regulate nitrogen homeostasis and theanine synthesis to influence tea quality . | CURRENT BIOLOGY , 2024 , 34 (4) . |
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营养元素的吸收、转换和代谢是所有生物生命活动的核心部分。目前对营养元素的感受和转导,以及营养元素之间互作调控植物生长发育的分子机制还知之甚少。雷帕霉素靶蛋白(TOR)激酶是存在于真核生物体中的一种高度保守的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶。TOR通过整合营养分子、能量水平和生长因子等上游信号来调节基因转录、蛋白质翻译、代谢和细胞自噬等多个生物学过程,在细胞增殖、生长和代谢过程中发挥核心调节作用。本课题组一直聚焦"植物营养信号转导网络",以TOR激酶为核心,从多层次解析了碳氮营养一TOR信号通路和多种植物激素交叉互作调控植物生长的分子机制:(1)发现葡萄糖-TOR和乙烯-CTR1分别调控EIN2蛋白的不同磷酸化位点,而这些不同磷酸化位点特异性驱动相互独立的下游信号通路,最终调控不同的生理功能。该"磷酸化密码"模型为回答多功能调控中枢蛋白如何响应不同上游信号来特异驱动下游生理功能这一重要科学问题提供了新的理论模型和参考。(2)阐明了根茎组织对碳氮营养胁迫不同响应的内在机理,揭示了TOR和ROP2作为一个联合核心调控中枢可以整合氮素营养,葡萄糖能量信号以及生长素信号来感受动态的环境变化,调整生长策略从而精细调控植物生长发育。因此,TOR可以作为营养信号网络通路的定位导航仪来精准的调控植物在复杂环境中的生长和胁迫应答。
Keyword ：
根茎发育 根茎发育 氮素 氮素 营养信号 营养信号 葡萄糖 葡萄糖 雷帕霉素靶蛋白 雷帕霉素靶蛋白
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| GB/T 7714 | 刘岩林 , 付力文 , 张楠 et al. TOR激酶——营养信号网络通路的定位导航仪 [C] //首届植物科学前沿学术大会摘要集（一） . 2022 . |
| MLA | 刘岩林 et al. "TOR激酶——营养信号网络通路的定位导航仪" 首届植物科学前沿学术大会摘要集（一） . (2022) . |
| APA | 刘岩林 , 付力文 , 张楠 , 孟彦彦 , 熊延 . TOR激酶——营养信号网络通路的定位导航仪 首届植物科学前沿学术大会摘要集（一） . (2022) . |
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Target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that functions as a central signaling hub to integrate diverse internal and external cues to precisely orchestrate cellular and organismal physiology. During evolution, TOR both maintains the highly conserved TOR complex compositions, and cellular and molecular functions, but also evolves distinctive roles and strategies to modulate cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, survival, and stress responses in eukaryotes. Here, we review recent discoveries on the plant TOR signaling network. We present an overview of plant TOR complexes, analyze the signaling landscape of the plant TOR signaling network from the upstream signals that regulate plant TOR activation to the downstream effectors involved in various biological processes, and compare their conservation and specificities within different biological contexts. Finally, we summarize the impact of dysregulation of TOR signaling on every stage of plant growth and development, from embryogenesis and seedling growth, to flowering and senescence.
Keyword ：
abiotic and biotic stress abiotic and biotic stress hormone sensing hormone sensing metabolism regulation metabolism regulation nutrient sensing nutrient sensing plant growth and development plant growth and development target of rapamycin target of rapamycin transcriptional reprogramming transcriptional reprogramming translational regulation translational regulation
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Yanlin , Xiong, Yan . Plant target of rapamycin signaling network: Complexes, conservations, and specificities [J]. | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY , 2022 , 64 (2) : 342-370 . |
| MLA | Liu, Yanlin et al. "Plant target of rapamycin signaling network: Complexes, conservations, and specificities" . | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 64 . 2 (2022) : 342-370 . |
| APA | Liu, Yanlin , Xiong, Yan . Plant target of rapamycin signaling network: Complexes, conservations, and specificities . | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY , 2022 , 64 (2) , 342-370 . |
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The evolutionarily conserved target-of-rapamycin (TOR) kinase coordinates cellular and organismal growth in all eukaryotes. Amino acids (AAs) are key upstream signals for mammalian TOR activation, but how nitrogen-related nutrients regulate TOR signaling in plants is poorly understood. Here, we discovered that, independent of nitrogen assimilation, nitrate and ammonium function as primary nitrogen signals to activate TOR in the Arabidopsis leaf primordium. We further identified that a total of 15 proteinogenic AAs are also able to activate TOR, and the first AAs generated from plant specific nitrogen assimilation (glutamine), sulfur assimilation (cysteine), and glycolate cycle (glycine), exhibit the highest potency. Interestingly, nitrate, ammonium, and glutamine all activate the small GTPase Rho-related protein from plants 2 (ROP2), and constitutively active ROP2 restores TOR activation under nitrogen-starvation conditions. Our findings suggest that specific evolutionary adaptations of the nitrogen-TOR signaling pathway occurred in plant lineages, and ROP2 can integrate diverse nitrogen and hormone signals for plant TOR activation.
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Yanlin , Duan, Xiaoli , Zhao, Xiaodi et al. Diverse nitrogen signals activate convergent ROP2-TOR signaling in Arabidopsis [J]. | DEVELOPMENTAL CELL , 2021 , 56 (9) : 1283-, . |
| MLA | Liu, Yanlin et al. "Diverse nitrogen signals activate convergent ROP2-TOR signaling in Arabidopsis" . | DEVELOPMENTAL CELL 56 . 9 (2021) : 1283-, . |
| APA | Liu, Yanlin , Duan, Xiaoli , Zhao, Xiaodi , Ding, Wenlong , Wang, Yaowei , Xiong, Yan . Diverse nitrogen signals activate convergent ROP2-TOR signaling in Arabidopsis . | DEVELOPMENTAL CELL , 2021 , 56 (9) , 1283-, . |
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Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a central regulator in nutrient signaling. However, the innate capacity of autotrophic plants to produce carbon-related nutrients and nitrogen-related nutrients makes studying the TOR pathway difficult. Here, we describe a protocol for a liquid culture system for efficient depletion of the endogenous carbon/nitrogen nutrients in Arabidopsis seedlings. Exogenous car-bon/nitrogen can be supplied to dissect the TOR pathway.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Xiong et al. (2013) and Liu et al. (2021).
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Yanlin , Xiong, Yan . Protocol Liquid culture system for efficient depletion of the endogenous nutrients in Arabidopsis seedlings [J]. | STAR PROTOCOLS , 2021 , 2 (4) . |
| MLA | Liu, Yanlin et al. "Protocol Liquid culture system for efficient depletion of the endogenous nutrients in Arabidopsis seedlings" . | STAR PROTOCOLS 2 . 4 (2021) . |
| APA | Liu, Yanlin , Xiong, Yan . Protocol Liquid culture system for efficient depletion of the endogenous nutrients in Arabidopsis seedlings . | STAR PROTOCOLS , 2021 , 2 (4) . |
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The evolutionarily conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase acts as a master regulator that coordinates cell proliferation and growth by integrating nutrient, energy, hormone and stress signals in all eukaryotes(1,2). Research has focused mainly on TOR-regulated translation, but how TOR orchestrates the global transcriptional network remains unclear. Here we identify ethylene-insensitive protein 2 (EIN2), a central integrator(3-5) that shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, as a direct substrate of TOR in Arabidopsis thaliana. Glucose-activated TOR kinase directly phosphorylates EIN2 to prevent its nuclear localization. Notably, the rapid global transcriptional reprogramming that is directed by glucose-TOR signalling is largely compromised in the ein2-5 mutant, and EIN2 negatively regulates the expression of a wide range of target genes of glucose-activated TOR that are involved in DNA replication, cell wall and lipid synthesis and various secondary metabolic pathways. Chemical, cellular and genetic analyses reveal that cell elongation and proliferation processes that are controlled by the glucose-TOR-EIN2 axis are decoupled from canonical ethylene-CTR1-EIN2 signalling, and mediated by different phosphorylation sites. Our findings reveal a molecular mechanism by which a central signalling hub is shared but differentially modulated by diverse signalling pathways using distinct phosphorylation codes that can be specified by upstream protein kinases.
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| GB/T 7714 | Fu, Liwen , Liu, Yanlin , Qin, Guochen et al. The TOR-EIN2 axis mediates nuclear signalling to modulate plant growth [J]. | NATURE , 2021 , 591 (7849) : 288-, . |
| MLA | Fu, Liwen et al. "The TOR-EIN2 axis mediates nuclear signalling to modulate plant growth" . | NATURE 591 . 7849 (2021) : 288-, . |
| APA | Fu, Liwen , Liu, Yanlin , Qin, Guochen , Wu, Ping , Zi, Hailing , Xu, Zhongtian et al. The TOR-EIN2 axis mediates nuclear signalling to modulate plant growth . | NATURE , 2021 , 591 (7849) , 288-, . |
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The multidomain target of rapamycin (TOR) is an atypical serine/threonine protein kinase resembling phosphatidylinositol lipid kinases, but retains high sequence identity and serves a remarkably conserved role as a master signalling integrator in yeasts, plants, and humans. TOR dynamically orchestrates cell metabolism, biogenesis, organ growth, and development transitions in response to nutrient, energy, hormone, and environmental cues. Here we review recent findings on the versatile and complex roles of TOR in transcriptome reprogramming, seedling, root, and shoot growth, and root hair production activated by sugar and energy signalling. We explore how co-ordination of TOR-mediated light and hormone signalling is involved in root and shoot apical meristem activation, proliferation of leaf primordia, cotyledon/leaf greening, and hypocotyl elongation. We also discuss the emerging TOR functions in response to sulfur assimilation and metabolism and consider potential molecular links and positive feedback loops between TOR, sugar, energy, and other essential macronutrients.
Keyword ：
Energy Energy glucose glucose hormone hormone light light nitrogen nitrogen nutrient nutrient phosphorus phosphorus signalling signalling sucrose sucrose sulfur sulfur target of rapamycin target of rapamycin
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Yue , Shi, Lin , Li, Lei et al. Integration of nutrient, energy, light, and hormone signalling via TOR in plants [J]. | JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY , 2019 , 70 (8) : 2227-2238 . |
| MLA | Wu, Yue et al. "Integration of nutrient, energy, light, and hormone signalling via TOR in plants" . | JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 70 . 8 (2019) : 2227-2238 . |
| APA | Wu, Yue , Shi, Lin , Li, Lei , Fu, Liwen , Liu, Yanlin , Xiong, Yan et al. Integration of nutrient, energy, light, and hormone signalling via TOR in plants . | JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY , 2019 , 70 (8) , 2227-2238 . |
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Bioactive natural products are important starting points for developing chemical tools for biological research. For elucidating their bioactivity profile, biological systems with concise complexity such as cell culture systems are frequently used, whereas unbiased investigations in more complex multicellular systems are only rarely explored. Here, we demonstrate with the natural product RotihibinA and the plant research model system Arabidopsis thaliana that unbiased transcriptional profiling enables a rapid, label-free, and compound economic evaluation of a natural products bioactivity profile in a complex multicellular organism. To this end, we established a chemical synthesis of Rotihibin A as well as that of structural analogues, followed by transcriptional profiling-guided identification and validation of RotihibinA as a TOR signaling inhibitor (TOR=target of rapamycin). These findings illustrate that a combined approach of transcriptional profiling and natural product research may represent a technically simple approach to streamline the development of chemical tools from natural products even for biologically complex multicellular biological systems.
Keyword ：
bioactivity bioactivity natural products natural products signaling signaling TOR kinase TOR kinase transcriptomics transcriptomics
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| GB/T 7714 | Halder, Vivek , Oeljeklaus, Julian , Heilmann, Geronimo et al. Identification of the Natural Product RotihibinA as a TOR Kinase Signaling Inhibitor by Unbiased Transcriptional Profiling [J]. | CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL , 2018 , 24 (48) : 12500-12504 . |
| MLA | Halder, Vivek et al. "Identification of the Natural Product RotihibinA as a TOR Kinase Signaling Inhibitor by Unbiased Transcriptional Profiling" . | CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL 24 . 48 (2018) : 12500-12504 . |
| APA | Halder, Vivek , Oeljeklaus, Julian , Heilmann, Geronimo , Krahn, Jan H. , Liu, Yanlin , Xiong, Yan et al. Identification of the Natural Product RotihibinA as a TOR Kinase Signaling Inhibitor by Unbiased Transcriptional Profiling . | CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL , 2018 , 24 (48) , 12500-12504 . |
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