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学者姓名：于永强
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Abstract ：
The versatile and pivotal roles of the phytohormone auxin in regulating plant growth and development are typically linked to its directional transport, relying on the polarized PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin exporters at the plasma membrane (PM). For decades, auxin has been proposed to promote PIN polarization, generating self-regulatory feedback mediating much of plant development, but mechanistic insight into this regulation is lacking. Here, we uncover an auxin-induced protein complex at the PM, containing auxin co-receptors trans-membrane kinases (TMKs) and PIN1 auxin exporter, as the core machinery that underlies this feedback regulation. Auxin promotes PIN1 phosphorylation by TMKs, modulating PIN1 polarization and transport activity. We also provide evidence that PIN1-exported extracellular auxin is crucial for TMK activation and cell elongation, thus forming the simplest two-element self-regulatory feedback circuit. Thus, these findings offer direct mechanistic insights into a potential self-organizing circuit for auxin signaling and transport to ensure proper plant development in Arabidopsis.
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| GB/T 7714 | Huang Rongfeng , Wang Jiacheng , Chang Mingzeng et al. TMK-PIN1 drives a short self-organizing circuit for auxin export and signaling in Arabidopsis [J]. | DEVELOPMENTAL CELL , 2026 , 61 (1) . |
| MLA | Huang Rongfeng et al. "TMK-PIN1 drives a short self-organizing circuit for auxin export and signaling in Arabidopsis" . | DEVELOPMENTAL CELL 61 . 1 (2026) . |
| APA | Huang Rongfeng , Wang Jiacheng , Chang Mingzeng , Tang Wenxin , Yu Yongqiang , Zhang Yi et al. TMK-PIN1 drives a short self-organizing circuit for auxin export and signaling in Arabidopsis . | DEVELOPMENTAL CELL , 2026 , 61 (1) . |
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Auxin regulates various aspects of plant growth and development by modulating the transcription of target genes through the degradation of auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) repressors via the 26S proteasome. Proteasome regulator 1 (PTRE1), a positive regulator of proteasome activity, has been implicated in auxin-mediated proteasome suppression; however, the mechanism by which auxin modulates PTRE1 function remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that auxin promotes the interaction between germin-like protein 1 (GLP1) and PTRE1, facilitating PTRE1 retention at the plasma membrane. The relocation of PTRE1 results in reduced nuclear 26S proteasome activity, and thus the attenuated Aux/IAA degradation and altered Aux/IAA homeostasis, ultimately resulting in suppressed auxin-mediated transcriptional regulation. Our findings uncover a previously uncharacterized regulatory axis in auxin signaling that controls Aux/IAA protein stability, functioning alongside the TIR1-and TRANSMEMBRANE KINASE 1 (TMK1)-mediated pathways, and highlight the coordination of auxin signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus via auxin-induced PTRE1 relocation, which fine-tunes Aux/IAA protein homeostasis and auxin responses.
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| GB/T 7714 | Xu, Faqing , Yu, Yongqiang , Guan, Bin et al. Germin-like protein 1 interacts with proteasome regulator 1 to regulate auxin signaling by controlling Aux/IAA homeostasis [J]. | CELL REPORTS , 2025 , 44 (8) . |
| MLA | Xu, Faqing et al. "Germin-like protein 1 interacts with proteasome regulator 1 to regulate auxin signaling by controlling Aux/IAA homeostasis" . | CELL REPORTS 44 . 8 (2025) . |
| APA | Xu, Faqing , Yu, Yongqiang , Guan, Bin , Xu, Tongda , Xu, Zhihong , Xue, Hongwei . Germin-like protein 1 interacts with proteasome regulator 1 to regulate auxin signaling by controlling Aux/IAA homeostasis . | CELL REPORTS , 2025 , 44 (8) . |
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The phytohormone auxin exerts control over remarkable developmental processes in plants. It moves from cell to cell, resulting in the creation of both extracellular auxin and intracellular auxin, which are recognized by distinct auxin receptors. These two auxin signaling systems govern different auxin responses while working together to regulate plant development. In this review, we outline the latest research advancements in unraveling these auxin signaling pathways, encompassing auxin perception and signaling transductions. We emphasize the interaction between extracellular and intracellular auxin, which contributes to the intricate role of auxin in plant development. Copyright (c) 2024, The Authors. Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Genetics Society of China. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Keyword ：
ABP1/ABLs ABP1/ABLs Extracellular auxin signaling Extracellular auxin signaling Intracellular auxin signaling Intracellular auxin signaling TIR1/AFBs TIR1/AFBs TMKs TMKs
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, Wenxin , Yu, Yongqiang , Xu, Tongda . The interplay between extracellular and intracellular auxin signaling in plants [J]. | JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND GENOMICS , 2025 , 52 (1) : 14-23 . |
| MLA | Tang, Wenxin et al. "The interplay between extracellular and intracellular auxin signaling in plants" . | JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND GENOMICS 52 . 1 (2025) : 14-23 . |
| APA | Tang, Wenxin , Yu, Yongqiang , Xu, Tongda . The interplay between extracellular and intracellular auxin signaling in plants . | JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND GENOMICS , 2025 , 52 (1) , 14-23 . |
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Extracellular perception of auxin, an essential phytohormone in plants, has been debated for decades. Auxin binding protein 1 (ABP1) physically interacts with quintessential transmembrane kinases (TMKs) and was proposed to act as an extracellular auxin receptor, but its role was disputed because abp1 knockout mutants lack obvious morphological phenotypes. Here, we identified two new auxin-binding proteins, ABL1 and ABL2, that are localized to the apoplast and directly interact with the extracellular domain of TMKs in an auxin-dependent manner. Furthermore, functionally redundant ABL1 and ABL2 genetically interact with TMKs and exhibit functions that overlap with those of ABP1 as well as being independent of ABP1. Importantly, the extracellular domain of TMK1 itself binds auxin and synergizes with either ABP1 or ABL1 in auxin binding. Thus, our findings discovered auxin receptors ABL1 and ABL2 having functions overlapping with but distinct from ABP1 and acting together with TMKs as co-receptors for extracellular auxin.
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| GB/T 7714 | Yu, Yongqiang , Tang, Wenxin , Lin, Wenwei et al. ABLs and TMKs are co-receptors for extracellular auxin [J]. | CELL , 2023 , 186 (25) . |
| MLA | Yu, Yongqiang et al. "ABLs and TMKs are co-receptors for extracellular auxin" . | CELL 186 . 25 (2023) . |
| APA | Yu, Yongqiang , Tang, Wenxin , Lin, Wenwei , Li, Wei , Zhou, Xiang , Li, Ying et al. ABLs and TMKs are co-receptors for extracellular auxin . | CELL , 2023 , 186 (25) . |
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Gravitropism is an essential adaptive response of land plants. Asymmetric auxin gradients across plant organs, interpreted by multiple auxin signaling components including AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7), trigger differential growth and bending response. However, how this fundamental process is strictly maintained in nature remains unclear. Here, we report that gravity stimulates the transcription of METHYL ESTERASE17 (MES17) along the lower side of the hypocotyl via ARF7-dependent auxin signaling. The asymmetric distribution of MES17, a methyltransferase that converts auxin from its inactive form methyl indole-3-acetic acid ester (MeIAA) to its biologically active form free-IAA, enhanced the gradient of active auxin across the hypocotyl, which in turn reversely amplified the asymmetric auxin responses and differential growth that shape gravitropic bending. Taken together, our findings reveal the novel role of MES17-mediated auxin homeostasis in gravitropic responses and identify an ARF7-triggered feedback mechanism that reinforces the asymmetric distribution of active auxin and strictly controls gravitropism in plants.
Keyword ：
ARF7 ARF7 auxin auxin gravitropism gravitropism homeostasis homeostasis MES17 MES17
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Feng , Li, Cuiling , Qu, Xingzhen et al. A feedback regulation between ARF7-mediated auxin signaling and auxin homeostasis involving MES17 affects plant gravitropism [J]. | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY , 2022 , 64 (7) : 1339-1351 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Feng et al. "A feedback regulation between ARF7-mediated auxin signaling and auxin homeostasis involving MES17 affects plant gravitropism" . | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 64 . 7 (2022) : 1339-1351 . |
| APA | Zhang, Feng , Li, Cuiling , Qu, Xingzhen , Liu, Jiajia , Yu, Zipeng , Wang, Junxia et al. A feedback regulation between ARF7-mediated auxin signaling and auxin homeostasis involving MES17 affects plant gravitropism . | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY , 2022 , 64 (7) , 1339-1351 . |
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Callus induction, which results in fate transition in plant cells, is considered as the first and key step for plant regeneration. This process can be stimulated in different tissues by a callus-inducing medium (CIM), which contains a high concentration of phytohormone auxin. Although a few key regulators for callus induction have been identified, the multiple aspects of the regulatory mechanism driven by high levels of auxin still need further investigation. Here, we find that high auxin induces callus through a H3K36 histone methylation-dependent mechanism, which requires the methyltransferase SET DOMAIN GROUP 8 (SDG8). During callus induction, the increased auxin accumulates SDG8 expression through a TIR1/AFBs-based transcriptional regulation. SDG8 then deposits H3K36me3 modifications on the loci of callus-related genes, including a master regulator WOX5 and the cell proliferation-related genes, such as CYCB1.1. This epigenetic regulation in turn is required for the transcriptional activation of these genes during callus formation. These findings suggest that the massive transcriptional reprogramming for cell fate transition by auxin during callus formation requires epigenetic modifications including SDG8-mediated histone H3K36 methylation. Our results provide insight into the coordination between auxin signaling and epigenetic regulation during fundamental processes in plant development.
Keyword ：
AFBs AFBs auxin auxin callus formation callus formation epigenetic regulation epigenetic regulation SDG8 SDG8 TIR1 TIR1
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| GB/T 7714 | Ma, Jun , Li, Qiang , Zhang, Lei et al. High auxin stimulates callus through SDG8-mediated histone H3K36 methylation in Arabidopsis [J]. | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY , 2022 , 64 (12) : 2425-2437 . |
| MLA | Ma, Jun et al. "High auxin stimulates callus through SDG8-mediated histone H3K36 methylation in Arabidopsis" . | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 64 . 12 (2022) : 2425-2437 . |
| APA | Ma, Jun , Li, Qiang , Zhang, Lei , Cai, Sen , Liu, Yuanyuan , Lin, Juncheng et al. High auxin stimulates callus through SDG8-mediated histone H3K36 methylation in Arabidopsis . | JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY , 2022 , 64 (12) , 2425-2437 . |
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Auxin determines the developmental fate of plant tissues, and local auxin concentration is precisely controlled. The role of auxin transport in modulating local auxin concentration has been widely studied but the regulation of local auxin biosynthesis is less well understood. Here, we show that TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS (TAA1), a key enzyme in the auxin biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana is phosphorylated at Threonine 101 (T101). T101 phosphorylation status can act as an on/off switch to control TAA1-dependent auxin biosynthesis and is required for proper regulation of root meristem size and root hair development. This phosphosite is evolutionarily conserved suggesting post-translational regulation of auxin biosynthesis may be a general phenomenon. In addition, we show that auxin itself, in part via TRANS-MEMBRANE KINASE 4 (TMK4), can induce T101 phosphorylation of TAA1 suggesting a self-regulatory loop whereby local auxin signalling can suppress biosynthesis. We conclude that phosphorylation-dependent control of TAA1 enzymatic activity may contribute to regulation of auxin concentration in response to endogenous and/or external cues.
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Qian , Qin, Guochen , Cao, Min et al. A phosphorylation-based switch controls TAA1-mediated auxin biosynthesis in plants [J]. | NATURE COMMUNICATIONS , 2020 , 11 (1) . |
| MLA | Wang, Qian et al. "A phosphorylation-based switch controls TAA1-mediated auxin biosynthesis in plants" . | NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 11 . 1 (2020) . |
| APA | Wang, Qian , Qin, Guochen , Cao, Min , Chen, Rong , He, Yuming , Yang, Liyuan et al. A phosphorylation-based switch controls TAA1-mediated auxin biosynthesis in plants . | NATURE COMMUNICATIONS , 2020 , 11 (1) . |
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The plant hormone auxin has crucial roles in almost all aspects of plant growth and development. Concentrations of auxin vary across different tissues, mediating distinct developmental outcomes and contributing to the functional diversity of auxin. However, the mechanisms that underlie these activities are poorly understood. Here we identify an auxin signalling mechanism, which acts in parallel to the canonical auxin pathway based on the transport inhibitor response1 (TIR1) and other auxin receptor F-box (AFB) family proteins (TIR1/AFB receptors)(1,2), that translates levels of cellular auxin to mediate differential growth during apical-hook development. This signalling mechanism operates at the concave side of the apical hook, and involves auxin-mediated C-terminal cleavage of transmembrane kinase 1 (TMK1). The cytosolic and nucleus-translocated C terminus of TMK1 specifically interacts with and phosphorylates two non-canonical transcriptional repressors of the auxin or indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) family (IAA32 and IAA34), thereby regulating ARF transcription factors. In contrast to the degradation of Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors in the canonical pathway, the newly identified mechanism stabilizes the non-canonical IAA32 and IAA34 transcriptional repressors to regulate gene expression and ultimately inhibit growth. The auxin-MK1 signalling pathway originates at the cell surface, is triggered by high levels of auxin and shares a partially overlapping set of transcription factors with the TIR1/AFB signalling pathway. This allows distinct interpretations of different concentrations of cellular auxin, and thus enables this versatile signalling molecule to mediate complex developmental outcomes.
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| GB/T 7714 | Cao, Min , Chen, Rong , Li, Pan et al. TMK1-mediated auxin signalling regulates differential growth of the apical hook [J]. | NATURE , 2019 , 568 (7751) : 240-, . |
| MLA | Cao, Min et al. "TMK1-mediated auxin signalling regulates differential growth of the apical hook" . | NATURE 568 . 7751 (2019) : 240-, . |
| APA | Cao, Min , Chen, Rong , Li, Pan , Yu, Yongqiang , Zheng, Rui , Ge, Danfeng et al. TMK1-mediated auxin signalling regulates differential growth of the apical hook . | NATURE , 2019 , 568 (7751) , 240-, . |
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