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学者姓名：Ryushiro Kasahara
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Abstract ：
MYB98 is a key regulator of the genetic network behind pollen tube attraction toward the female gametophyte. MYB98 is specifically expressed in the synergid cells (SCs), a female gametophyte component cells specialized for pollen tube attraction. However, it had not been clear how exactly MYB98 achieves this specific expression pattern. In the current study, we have determined that a normal SC-specific expression of MYB98 is dependent on a 16-bp-long cis-regulatory element, CATTTACACATTAAAA, freshly named as the " S ynergid-specific A ctivation E lement of M YB98" (SaeM). An 84 bp fragment harboring SaeM in the middle was sufficient to drive exclusively SC-specific expression. The element was present in a significantly large proportion of SC-specific gene promoters and in the promoter of MYB98 homologous genes in the Brassicaceae (pMYB98s). Significance of such family-wide SaeM-like element conservation in exclusive SC-specific expression was confirmed by the Arabidopsis-like activation feature of Brassica oleracea-derived pMYB98 and absence of such feature of pMYB98 derived from a non-Brassicaceae member Prunus persica. Additionally, the yeast-one-hybrid assay showed that the SaeM can be recognized by ANTHOCYANINLESS2 (ANL2) and DAP-seq data further suggested for additional three ANL2 homologs targeting the similar cis-element. Overall, our study has concluded that SaeM plays a crucial role in driving exclusively SC-specific expression of MYB98 and strongly suggests for the involvement of ANL2 and its homologs in its dynamic regulation in planta. Future study on the transcription factors is expected to shed more light on the mechanism behind the process.
Keyword ：
cis-element cis-element dynamic regulation dynamic regulation MYB98 promoter MYB98 promoter SaeM SaeM synergid cell synergid cell
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| GB/T 7714 | Adhikari, Prakash Babu , Zhu, Shaowei , Liu, Xiaoyan et al. Discovery of a cis-regulatory element SaeM involved in dynamic regulation of synergid-specific MYB98 [J]. | FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE , 2023 , 14 . |
| MLA | Adhikari, Prakash Babu et al. "Discovery of a cis-regulatory element SaeM involved in dynamic regulation of synergid-specific MYB98" . | FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 14 (2023) . |
| APA | Adhikari, Prakash Babu , Zhu, Shaowei , Liu, Xiaoyan , Huang, Chen , Xie, Liyang , Wu, Xiaoyan et al. Discovery of a cis-regulatory element SaeM involved in dynamic regulation of synergid-specific MYB98 . | FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE , 2023 , 14 . |
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Abstract ：
Sexual reproduction in angiosperms is a complex and precise process of regulation, which includes the pollen tube guidance, double fertilization, and the seed development process. The previous report identified that for seed development, there is a period of preparation for fertilization (between pollen tube guidance and double fertilization) that is called pollen-tube-dependent ovule enlargement morphology (POEM). It has been shown that the pollen tube content (PTC) plays a crucial role in the enlargement of ovules and the initiation of seed coat formation. However, we did not investigate the potential of endosperm proliferation in autonomous mutants at a later stage. Here, we investigated this phenomenon using vanillin staining and transparent experi-ments to examine the manner, in which the PTC affects the potential of endosperm formation. Interestingly, the PTC increased the number of endosperm nuclei without fertilization equally and synchronously in mea and fis2 ovules. This finding might help improve the study of apomixes and our understanding of how the molecular mechanisms that regulate this phenomenon will contribute to plant reproductive science in the future.
Keyword ：
Autonomous endosperm mutant Autonomous endosperm mutant Endosperm proliferation Endosperm proliferation Fertilization-defective mutant Fertilization-defective mutant POEM POEM Vanillin staining Vanillin staining
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Xiaoyan , Adhikari, Prakash Babu , Kasahara, Ryushiro D. . Pollen Tube Content Facilitates and Increases the Potential of Endosperm Proliferation Irrespective of Fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. | CYTOLOGIA , 2023 , 88 (1) : 35-39 . |
| MLA | Liu, Xiaoyan et al. "Pollen Tube Content Facilitates and Increases the Potential of Endosperm Proliferation Irrespective of Fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana" . | CYTOLOGIA 88 . 1 (2023) : 35-39 . |
| APA | Liu, Xiaoyan , Adhikari, Prakash Babu , Kasahara, Ryushiro D. . Pollen Tube Content Facilitates and Increases the Potential of Endosperm Proliferation Irrespective of Fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana . | CYTOLOGIA , 2023 , 88 (1) , 35-39 . |
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Abstract ：
Gametophytic mutants share very small proportion of the total mutants generated by any mutagenic approach; even rarer are the fertilization-defective gametophytic mutants. They require an efficient and targeted strategy instead of 'brute force' screening approach. The classical gametophyte mutant screening method, mainly based on the segregation distortion, can distinguish gametophytic mutants from the others. However, the mutants pooled after the screening constitute both fertilization-defective and developmental-defective gametophytic mutants. Until recently, there has not been any straightforward way to screen the former from the latter. Additionally, most of the mutations affecting both gametes are lost during the screening process. The novel gametophyte screening approach tends to circumvent those shortcomings. This review discusses on the classical approach of gametophytic mutant screening and focuses on the novel approach on distinguishing fertilization-/developmental-defective gametophytic mutants (both male and female). It offers an empirical basis of screening such mutants by taking in the consideration of earlier studies on fertilization failure, initiation of seed coat formation, and fertilization recovery system in plants.
Keyword ：
female gametophyte female gametophyte fertilization recovery fertilization recovery gametophytic mutant gametophytic mutant segregation distortion segregation distortion vanillin staining vanillin staining
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| GB/T 7714 | Adhikari, Prakash Babu , Liu, Xiaoyan , Kasahara, Ryushiro D. . Fertilization-Defective Gametophytic Mutant Screening: A Novel Approach [J]. | FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE , 2020 , 11 . |
| MLA | Adhikari, Prakash Babu et al. "Fertilization-Defective Gametophytic Mutant Screening: A Novel Approach" . | FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 11 (2020) . |
| APA | Adhikari, Prakash Babu , Liu, Xiaoyan , Kasahara, Ryushiro D. . Fertilization-Defective Gametophytic Mutant Screening: A Novel Approach . | FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE , 2020 , 11 . |
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Abstract ：
Carbohydrates (sugars) are an essential energy-source for all life forms. They take a significant share of our daily consumption and are used for biofuel production as well. However, sugarcane and sugar beet are the only two crop plants which are used to produce sugar in significant amounts. Here, we have discovered and fine-tuned a phenomenon in rice which leads them to produce sugary-grain. We knocked-out GCS1 genes in rice by using CRISPR technology, which led to fertilization failure and pollen tube-dependent ovule enlargement morphology (POEM) phenomenon. Apparently, the POEMed-like rice ovule ('endosperm-focused') can grow near-normal seed-size unlike earlier observations in Arabidopsis in which gcs1 ovules ('embryo-focused') were aborted quite early. The POEMed-like rice ovules contained 10-20% sugar, with extremely high sucrose content (98%). Trancriptomic analysis revealed that the osgcs1 ovules had downregulation of starch biosynthetic genes, which would otherwise have converted sucrose to starch. Overall, this study shows that pollen tube content release is sufficient to trigger sucrose unloading at rice ovules. However, successful fertilization is indispensable to trigger sucrose-starch conversion. These findings are expected to pave the way for developing novel sugar producing crops suited for diverse climatic regions.
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| GB/T 7714 | Honma, Yujiro , Adhikari, Prakash Babu , Kuwata, Keiko et al. High-quality sugar production by osgcs1 rice [J]. | COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY , 2020 , 3 (1) . |
| MLA | Honma, Yujiro et al. "High-quality sugar production by osgcs1 rice" . | COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY 3 . 1 (2020) . |
| APA | Honma, Yujiro , Adhikari, Prakash Babu , Kuwata, Keiko , Kagenishi, Tomoko , Yokawa, Ken , Notaguchi, Michitaka et al. High-quality sugar production by osgcs1 rice . | COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY , 2020 , 3 (1) . |
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