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学者姓名：王果
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The co-contamination of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in paddy soils threatens rice safety, yet synergistic mitigation strategies using silicon (Si) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) remain underexplored. This study integrated hydroponic and soil pot experiments to evaluate Si-FeSO4 interactions on As/Cd accumulation and rice growth. Hydroponic trials employed 21-day-old rice seedlings exposed to 0.5 mg As(III)/Cd(II) L-1 with/without 70 mg Si L-1 and 30-70 mg Fe L-1, followed by sequential harvesting at 14 and 21 days. Soil experiments utilized co-contaminated paddy soil (50 mg As kg(-1) and 1.2 mg Cd kg(-1)) amended with Si (80 or 400 mg kg(-1)) and Fe (100 or 1000 mg kg(-1)), with pore water dynamics monitored over 120 days. Hydroponic results demonstrated that 70 mg Si L-1 combined with 30 or 70 mg Fe L-1 enhanced shoot biomass by 12-79% under As stress, while simultaneously reducing shoot As concentrations by 76-87% and Cd concentrations by 14-33%. Iron plaque induced by FeSO4 exhibited contrasting adsorption behaviors: hydroponic roots immobilized both As and Cd (p < 0.01), whereas roots in soil primarily retained Cd (p < 0.05). In soil experiments, the optimal treatment of 100 mg Fe kg(-1) and 400 mg Si kg(-1) (Fe-1 + Si-2) increased grain biomass by 54%, while reducing As and Cd concentrations by 37% and 42%, respectively. However, a higher Fe dosage (Fe-2: 1000 mg kg(-1) Fe) paradoxically increased grain Cd concentrations. Mechanistically, Si amendment elevated soil pH (Delta + 0.72), facilitating Cd immobilization, while FeSO4 lowered pH (Delta-0.07-0.53), increasing Cd mobility. A strong correlation between soluble Cd and plant uptake was observed (p < 0.01), while changes in As accumulation were unrelated to aqueous behavior. The optimized Si/Fe molar ratio of 7.95:1 effectively mitigated As and Cd co-accumulation, offering a dual-functional strategy for safe rice cultivation in contaminated soils.
Keyword ：
As-Cd co-contamination As-Cd co-contamination iron plaque iron plaque pore water pore water potentially toxic elements potentially toxic elements soil remediation soil remediation
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| GB/T 7714 | You, Yanlin , Guo, Xiaodong , Chen, Jianyu et al. Synergistic Effects of Silicon and Ferrous Sulfate on Reducing Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Rice from Co-Contaminated Soil [J]. | AGRONOMY-BASEL , 2025 , 15 (6) . |
| MLA | You, Yanlin et al. "Synergistic Effects of Silicon and Ferrous Sulfate on Reducing Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Rice from Co-Contaminated Soil" . | AGRONOMY-BASEL 15 . 6 (2025) . |
| APA | You, Yanlin , Guo, Xiaodong , Chen, Jianyu , Liu, Zhiqin , Cai, Qiuying , Yu, Jinyong et al. Synergistic Effects of Silicon and Ferrous Sulfate on Reducing Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Rice from Co-Contaminated Soil . | AGRONOMY-BASEL , 2025 , 15 (6) . |
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Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice, caused by Cd pollution of farmlands, poses a serious threat to human health. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two doses of CaCO3 (Ca1: 2 g kg -1, Ca2: 10g kg -1), two types of Fe(II) (EDTA-Fe(II) and FeSO4; 0.14 g Fe kg -1), and their combined application on the uptake and accumulation of Cd in rice plants grown in Cd-contaminated acidic soil. The results revealed that FeSO4 significantly increased rice grain biomass, whereas the other treatments had no significant effects. Further, the addition of EDTA-Fe(II) or FeSO4 significantly enhanced iron plaque formation on the root surface and increased the Fe content in the rice plants and porewater. Compared to the control, CaCO3 addition weakened the formation of iron plaque and reduced the Fe concentration in the porewater and root tissue, stems and leaves, whereas the Fe concentration in brown rice and the husks remained unaffected. Combined application of CaCO3 and Fe(II) significantly promoted the formation of iron plaque and increased the Fe concentration in brown rice. However, the Cd concentration in the iron plaque was reduced by CaCO3 addition but increased by Fe(II) treatment. Notably, all treatments reduced the Cd concentration in all rice plant tissues. The application of Ca1, Ca2, EDTA-Fe(II), FeSO4, Ca1+EDTA-Fe(II), Ca1+FeSO4, Ca2+EDTA-Fe(II) and Ca2+FeSO4 significantly reduced the Cd concentration in brown rice by 69%, 63%, 51%, 60%, 46%, 39%, 38%, and 29%, respectively. These results indicate that the application of CaCO3, EDTA-Fe(II)/FeSO4, or their combination can effectively reduce Cd accumulation and translocation in rice plants.
Keyword ：
Cadmium translocation Cadmium translocation Calcium carbonate Calcium carbonate Ferrous ion Ferrous ion Iron plaque Iron plaque Oryza sativa L. Oryza sativa L.
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| GB/T 7714 | Xu, Bo , Chen, Jianyu , Qian, Bingjie et al. Coupling effects of Fe(II) and CaCO3 application on cadmium uptake and accumulation in rice (Oryza saliva L.) [J]. | JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY AND FOOD QUALITY , 2024 , 97 . |
| MLA | Xu, Bo et al. "Coupling effects of Fe(II) and CaCO3 application on cadmium uptake and accumulation in rice (Oryza saliva L.)" . | JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY AND FOOD QUALITY 97 (2024) . |
| APA | Xu, Bo , Chen, Jianyu , Qian, Bingjie , Jiao, Duoduo , You, Yanlin , Guo, Xiaodong et al. Coupling effects of Fe(II) and CaCO3 application on cadmium uptake and accumulation in rice (Oryza saliva L.) . | JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY AND FOOD QUALITY , 2024 , 97 . |
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Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice ecosystems posed a critical challenge to global food security and environmental health. This study aimed to unveil the key mechanisms trough hydroponic experiments by which chloride (Cl-) promoted the absorption and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in rice plants. The findings elucidated that the addition of Cl- increased Cd uptake by rice roots (5.1 % similar to 61 %), acting both directly by enhancing root morphology and indirectly through regulating of the main transporter genes of Cd. The study unveiled that Cl- addition significantly improves Cd bioavailability in roots, which was discernible through the augmentation of Cd concentration and proportion in subcellular fractions, coupled with elevated energy values in key cellular components. Moreover, Cl- addition further augmented the intricate process of Cd transport from roots to shoots (16.1-86.7 %), which was mainly attributed to the underexpression of OsHMA3 and the decrease in the formation of sulfuhydryl substances. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms governing Cd dynamics in rice plants in the presence of Cl-. By elucidating these processes, our findings not only contribute to fundamental knowledge in plant metal uptake but also hold promising implications for mitigating Cd contamination in rice cultivation systems.
Keyword ：
Cadmium Cadmium Chloride Chloride Rice ecosystems Rice ecosystems Transport Transport Uptake Uptake
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| GB/T 7714 | Guo, Jingxia , Ge, Chenghao , Wang, Guo et al. Mechanisms of chloride to promote the uptake and accumulation of cadmium in rice (Oryza sativa L.) [J]. | SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT , 2024 , 926 . |
| MLA | Guo, Jingxia et al. "Mechanisms of chloride to promote the uptake and accumulation of cadmium in rice (Oryza sativa L.)" . | SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 926 (2024) . |
| APA | Guo, Jingxia , Ge, Chenghao , Wang, Guo , Zhou, Dongmei . Mechanisms of chloride to promote the uptake and accumulation of cadmium in rice (Oryza sativa L.) . | SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT , 2024 , 926 . |
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To reveal differences in arsenic (As) accumulation among indica rice cultivars and assess the human health risks arising from inorganic arsenic (iAs) intake via rice consumption, a total of 320 field indica rice samples and corresponding soil samples were collected from Fujian Province in China. The results showed that available soil As (0.03 to 3.83 mg/kg) showed a statistically significant positive correlation with total soil As (0.10 to 19.45 mg/kg). The inorganic As content in brown rice was between 0.001 and 0.316 mg/kg. Among the cultivars, ten brown rice samples (3.13%) exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of iAs in food of 0.2 mg/kg in China. The estimated daily intake (EDI) and calculated individual incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) ranged from 0.337 mu g/day to 106.60 mu g/day and from 8.18 x 10(-6 )to 2.59 x 10(-3), respectively. Surprisingly, the average EDI and the EDIs of 258 (80.63%) brown rice samples were higher than the maximum daily intake (MDI) of 10 mu g/day in drinking water as set by the National Research Council. The mean ILCR associated with iAs was 54.3 per 100,000, which exceeds the acceptable upper limit (AUL) of 10 per 100,000 set by the USEPA. Notably, the cultivars Y-Liang-You 1 and Shi-Ji 137 exhibited significantly higher mean ILCRs compared to the AUL and other cultivars, indicating that they pose more serious cancer risks to the local population. Finally, this study demonstrated that the cultivars Yi-Xiang 2292 and Quan-Zhen 10 were the optimal cultivars to mitigate risks associated with iAs to human health from rice consumption.
Keyword ：
Accumulation Accumulation Arsenic (As) Arsenic (As) Health risk assessment Health risk assessment Indica rice Indica rice Inorganic as (iAs) Inorganic as (iAs)
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Chunle , Yu, Yanhang , Tian, Tian et al. Arsenic (As) accumulation in different genotypes of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) and health risk assessment based on inorganic As [J]. | ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT , 2024 , 196 (3) . |
| MLA | Chen, Chunle et al. "Arsenic (As) accumulation in different genotypes of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) and health risk assessment based on inorganic As" . | ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 196 . 3 (2024) . |
| APA | Chen, Chunle , Yu, Yanhang , Tian, Tian , Xu, Bo , Wu, Hongyan , Wang, Guo et al. Arsenic (As) accumulation in different genotypes of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) and health risk assessment based on inorganic As . | ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT , 2024 , 196 (3) . |
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Despite extensive research on Fe-based materials for soil cadmium(Cd) passivation, the combined effects with Ca agents on rice Cd migration remain unclear. This study examined the effects of NZVI, FeSO4 and their mixtures with CaCO3 on iron plaque formation and Cd translocation in rice plants grown in Cd-contaminated paddy soils. Results showed both NZVI and FeSO4 significantly increased rice biomass. FeSO4, NZVI, FeSO4+CaCO3, and NZVI+CaCO3 enhanced iron plaque by 65%, 72%, 77%, and 20%, respectively. Cd adsorption by iron plaque increased by 88% with FeSO4, 39% with NZVI, 49% with FeSO4+CaCO3, and decreased by 44% with NZVI+CaCO3. All treatments reduced Cd content in rice tissues, with brown rice Cd concentrations reduced by 66% with FeSO4, 58% with FeSO4+CaCO3, 45% with NZVI, and 39% with NZVI+CaCO3, respectively. This study highlights Fe-based amendments' potential in safely utilizing Cd-contaminated farmlands, showing standalone Fe treatments outperform Fe-Ca combination for reducing Cd in brown rice.
Keyword ：
CaCO3 CaCO3 cadmium cadmium Iron plaque Iron plaque rice rice translocation translocation
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| GB/T 7714 | Xu, Bo , Chen, Jianyu , Hu, Yuanbiao et al. Influence of FeSO4, nano zero-valent iron, and their CaCO3 composites on the formation of iron plaque and cadmium translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) [J]. | ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS AND BIOAVAILABILITY , 2024 , 36 (1) . |
| MLA | Xu, Bo et al. "Influence of FeSO4, nano zero-valent iron, and their CaCO3 composites on the formation of iron plaque and cadmium translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.)" . | ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS AND BIOAVAILABILITY 36 . 1 (2024) . |
| APA | Xu, Bo , Chen, Jianyu , Hu, Yuanbiao , You, Yanlin , Sun, Xiaochun , Yu, Jinyong et al. Influence of FeSO4, nano zero-valent iron, and their CaCO3 composites on the formation of iron plaque and cadmium translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) . | ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS AND BIOAVAILABILITY , 2024 , 36 (1) . |
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Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice ecosystems poses substantial threats to global food security and ecological integrity. This study examines the effect of chloride (Cl-) addition on the dynamics of Cd in soil and rice plants. Our findings indicated that Cl- addition markedly decreased soil pH, increased Eh, and facilitated the formation of Cl-Cd complexes, resulting in enhancing the solubility, mobility, and bioavailability of Cd. Furthermore, Cl- addition also led to considerable reductions in DTPA-extractable iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), which indirectly boosted Cd uptake by rice roots, ranging from 17.4% to 65.0%, through the upregulation of transport genes OsNramp1 and OsNramp5, and decreased iron plaque formation by 23.1% to 27.2%. Additionally, Cl- stimulated Cd transport form roots to shoots by upregulating the OsHMA2 gene, enhancing Cd accumulation in rice tissues and facilitating its translocation across plant compartments, ultimately resulting in elevated Cd levels in brown rice (41.3%~76.1%). Field trials have substantiated that Cl- application significantly enhanced Cd absorption in rice plants cultivated in slightly acid and Cd-contaminated soils, implying introducing Cl- exacerbates the risk of Cd accumulation in rice grains. Consequently, to safeguard food safety and protect ecological health, the use of Cl-containing materials in agricultural practices should be avoided. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Biochemistry Biochemistry Cadmium Cadmium Chemical contamination Chemical contamination Chlorine compounds Chlorine compounds Food safety Food safety Food supply Food supply Genes Genes Grain (agricultural product) Grain (agricultural product) Iron Iron Soil pollution Soil pollution Soils Soils
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| GB/T 7714 | Guo, Jingxia , Ge, Chenghao , Abulimiti, Madinai et al. Enhancing Cadmium Uptake in Rice Grains Through Chloride Intervention: Field-Based Investigations and Perspectives [J]. | SSRN , 2024 . |
| MLA | Guo, Jingxia et al. "Enhancing Cadmium Uptake in Rice Grains Through Chloride Intervention: Field-Based Investigations and Perspectives" . | SSRN (2024) . |
| APA | Guo, Jingxia , Ge, Chenghao , Abulimiti, Madinai , Hu, Cong , Wang, Guo , Zhou, Dongmei . Enhancing Cadmium Uptake in Rice Grains Through Chloride Intervention: Field-Based Investigations and Perspectives . | SSRN , 2024 . |
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Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice ecosystems poses significant threats to global food security and ecological sustainability. This study addresses the urgent need to understand how chloride (Cl-) addition impacts on Cd dynamics in the soil-rice system, given the widespread use of Clcontaining materials in agriculture practices. Our findings indicated that Cl- addition significantly lowered soil pH, increased redox potential (Eh), and facilitated the formation of Cl-Cd complexes, enhancing Cd solubility, mobility, and bioavailability. Cl- also decreased DTPAextractable iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), indirectly increasing Cd uptake by rice roots (by 17.4-65.0 %) through upregulation of OsNramp1 and OsNramp5 transport genes, while diminishing iron plaque formation on roots by 23.1-27.2 %. Furthermore, Cl- facilitated Cd translocation from roots to shoots via upregulation of OsHMA2 gene, leading to elevating Cd accumulation in rice tissues and increasing Cd levels in brown rice by 41.3-76.1 %. Field trials corroborated that Cl- application in slightly acidic, Cd-contaminated soils exacerbated Cd accumulation in rice grains, posing heightened risks to food safety. These results underscore the critical need to limit Cl-containing materials in agriculture to safeguard crop safety and protect ecological health.
Keyword ：
Cadmium Cadmium Chloride Chloride Field trial Field trial Oryza sativa Oryza sativa Translocation Translocation
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| GB/T 7714 | Guo, Jingxia , Ge, Chenghao , Abulimiti, Madinai et al. Detrimental effect of chloride on suppressing cadmium accumulation in rice grains: A field-based investigations [J]. | ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION , 2024 , 36 . |
| MLA | Guo, Jingxia et al. "Detrimental effect of chloride on suppressing cadmium accumulation in rice grains: A field-based investigations" . | ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 36 (2024) . |
| APA | Guo, Jingxia , Ge, Chenghao , Abulimiti, Madinai , Zhou, Dongmei , Hu, Cong , Wang, Guo . Detrimental effect of chloride on suppressing cadmium accumulation in rice grains: A field-based investigations . | ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION , 2024 , 36 . |
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Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice, caused by Cd pollution in farmland, poses a serious threat to human health. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two doses of CaCO3 (Ca1: 2 g kg-1, Ca2: 10g kg-1), two types of Fe(II) (EDTA-Fe(II) and FeSO4 (0.14 g Fe kg-1)), and their combination application on the uptake and accumulation of Cd in rice plant in pot trials with Cd-contaminated acidic soil. Results revealed that FeSO4 significantly increased rice grain biomass, whereas other treatments had no significant effect. The application of CaCO3 weakened the formation of Fe plaque and reduced Fe concentration in porewater and root tissue, stem and leaf, but Fe concentration in brown rice and husk remained unaffected. Fe(II) and CaCO3+Fe(II) significantly promoted the formation of Fe plaque and increased Fe concentration in brown rice. Cd concentration in Fe plaque was reduced by CaCO3, while it was increased by Fe(II), respectively. All treatments significantly reduced Cd concentration in all tissues of rice plant. The application of Ca1, Ca2, EDTA-Fe(II), FeSO4, Ca1+EDTA-Fe(II), Ca1+FeSO4, Ca2+EDTA-Fe(II) and Ca2+FeSO4 resulted in a significant reduction of Cd concentration in brown rice by 69%, 63%, 51%, 60%, 46%, 39%, 38%, and 29%, respectively. Soil pH decreased after rice harvest, but all treatments significantly increased soil pH by 0.71-1.65 units. During the growth period of the rice plant, Cd and Fe concentrations in porewater generally showed a gradual decrease trend. At 90 and 120 days, all treatments reduced Cd concentration in porewater, but Fe(II) or CaCO3+Fe(II) increased Fe concentration in porewater. These results indicate that the application of CaCO3, EDTA-Fe(II)/FeSO4, and their combination is effective in immobilizing Cd and reducing Cd uptake by rice plants, although long-term trials are required to validate these findings. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Cadmium Cadmium Calcite Calcite Calcium carbonate Calcium carbonate Health risks Health risks Iron compounds Iron compounds Soil pollution Soil pollution Soils Soils Sulfur compounds Sulfur compounds Tissue Tissue
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| GB/T 7714 | Xu, Bo , Chen, Jianyu , Qian, Bingjie et al. Effects of Caco3 and Fe(Ii) Application on Cadmium Uptake by Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) [J]. | SSRN , 2023 . |
| MLA | Xu, Bo et al. "Effects of Caco3 and Fe(Ii) Application on Cadmium Uptake by Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)" . | SSRN (2023) . |
| APA | Xu, Bo , Chen, Jianyu , Qian, Bingjie , Jiao, Duoduo , You, Yanlin , Guo, Xiaodong et al. Effects of Caco3 and Fe(Ii) Application on Cadmium Uptake by Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) . | SSRN , 2023 . |
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Sulfur fertilizers are commonly used to improve crop yield and quality in sulfur-deficiency paddy soil. However, the potential increase in rice grain methylmercury (MeHg) levels in mercury (Hg)-contaminated areas due to inorganic sulfur application necessitates careful evaluation. This study investigated the combined impact of biochar and sulfate amendments on soil MeHg production, grain MeHg accumulation, and the underlying interaction mechanisms involving sulfate, biochar and Hg. Our findings demonstrate that the synergistic application of biochar and sulfate effectively promotes rice growth while mitigating grain MeHg accumulation. This positive effect is attributed to the strong adsorption capacity of carboxylic and phenolic hydroxyl groups in biochar for soil Hg. Moreover, sulfate enhances the stability of adsorbed Hg ions, forming a highly stable biochar-Hg(-SO4)-Cl structure, thereby reducing the availability of inorganic Hg for Hg methylators. The suppression of Hg methylators activity, coupled with alterations in soil pH and the chemical speciation of Fe and Mn, indirectly contributes to biochar countering the sulfate-induced effect on microbial inorganic Hg methylation in paddy soils. This research provides valuable insights into the combined effects of biochar and sulfur-based amendments on soil MeHg production, offering innovative strategies to enhance rice yield and mitigate the risk of MeHg accumulation in Hg-contaminated paddy soils. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Alkylation Alkylation Biochemistry Biochemistry Chemical speciation Chemical speciation Grain (agricultural product) Grain (agricultural product) Mercury compounds Mercury compounds Soil pollution Soil pollution Soils Soils Sulfur Sulfur Sulfur compounds Sulfur compounds
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| GB/T 7714 | Li, Yunyun , Guan, Jiaxun , Jiang, Chao et al. Biochar, Mercury and Sulfate Interaction: Stabilizing Mercury Adsorption and Reducing Mercury Bioavailability in Mercury-Contaminated Paddy Soil [J]. | SSRN , 2023 . |
| MLA | Li, Yunyun et al. "Biochar, Mercury and Sulfate Interaction: Stabilizing Mercury Adsorption and Reducing Mercury Bioavailability in Mercury-Contaminated Paddy Soil" . | SSRN (2023) . |
| APA | Li, Yunyun , Guan, Jiaxun , Jiang, Chao , Lu, Chang , Jia, Wen , Xu, Bo et al. Biochar, Mercury and Sulfate Interaction: Stabilizing Mercury Adsorption and Reducing Mercury Bioavailability in Mercury-Contaminated Paddy Soil . | SSRN , 2023 . |
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Arsenic (As) toxicity threshold value (TTV) for plants is fundamental to both establishing regional As reference values in soil and performing risk assessment. However, TTV varies among different plant species and soil properties, which influences the application of reference values. In this study, hydroponic experiments with the seedlings of 23 plant species belonging to nine families were conducted to screen the most As-sensitive plant species. The results revealed that the EC20 (effective As concentration at which shoot biomass or height is inhibited by 20%) values were 1.38–104.4 mg L-1 for shoot height and 0.24–42.87 mg L-1 for above-ground fresh biomass, with 75.7 and 179 times of difference, respectively. As rice was observed to be more sensitive to As toxicity than the other crops, it was chosen as the ecological receptor in the pot experiment on As phytotoxicity in nine types of soils collected from Fujian Province in South China. The EC10 and EC20 with respect to rice shoot height were 3.72–29.11 mg kg-1 and 7.12–45.60 mg kg-1, respectively. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that free iron oxide concentration was the major factor that affects As bioavailability in soil. The regression analysis also showed that EC x (x = 10, 20, and 50) of soil available As for shoot height was positively related to free iron oxide concentration in soil. In addition, soil cation exchange capacity, clay ( © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Arsenic Arsenic Biochemistry Biochemistry Iron oxides Iron oxides Regression analysis Regression analysis Risk assessment Risk assessment Seed Seed Soils Soils Toxicity Toxicity
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| GB/T 7714 | Ding, Fenghua , Guo, Wang , Liu, Shuxin et al. Key Factors Influencing Arsenic Phytotoxicity Thresholds in South China Acidic Soils [J]. | SSRN , 2023 . |
| MLA | Ding, Fenghua et al. "Key Factors Influencing Arsenic Phytotoxicity Thresholds in South China Acidic Soils" . | SSRN (2023) . |
| APA | Ding, Fenghua , Guo, Wang , Liu, Shuxin , He, Zhenli L. . Key Factors Influencing Arsenic Phytotoxicity Thresholds in South China Acidic Soils . | SSRN , 2023 . |
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