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学者姓名：赵伟
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Abstract ：
Glycinin, a major anti-nutrient in soybean meal, may trigger enteritis and oxidative stress in fish with overconsumption. However, its impact on intestinal inflammation and underlying signaling mechanisms in Larimichthys crocea remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of glycinin on growth, antioxidant function, inflammatory response, and gut microbiota. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental feeds were prepared, supplemented with 0%(G0), 3%(G3), 6%(G6), and 12%(G12) glycinin, respectively, and fed to juvenile L. crocea for 10 weeks. The findings indicated that dietary glycinin markedly decreased the growth, feed utilization, and survival rate of L. crocea. In addition, L. crocea fed with G6 and G12 diets showed lower trypsin activity compared with those fed with G0 and G3 diets. Similarly, fish fed with G6 and G12 diets showed higher malondialdehyde content and lower superoxide dismutase activity in the liver compared with those fed with G0 and G3 diets, suggesting that glycinin induced oxidative stress and led to the imbalance of the antioxidant system. Dietary glycinin significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of toll-like receptors in the gut. Moreover, dietary glycinin resulted in a heightened expression of both C-rel and p65 proteins, while also elevating the phosphorylation levels of JNK and ERK proteins, indicating that glycinin activated the MAPK/NF-κB signaling route. In addition, dietary glycinin increased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria in the gut, including Bacteroides and Streptococcus, and reduced the Bifidobacterium abundance. The findings suggested that L. crocea is highly sensitive to glycinin, and a 3% level can cause growth decline and enteritis. © 2024 The Author(s). Food Frontiers published by Nanchang University, Northwest University, Jiangsu University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, International Association of Dietetic Nutrition and Safety and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
Keyword ：
Fish Fish Medicinal chemistry Medicinal chemistry Pathology Pathology Superoxide dismutase Superoxide dismutase
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| GB/T 7714 | Shao, Jianchun , Li, Zhangqi , You, Haokun et al. Soybean Glycinin Reduced Growth Performance and Antioxidant Capacity and Caused Intestinal Inflammation and Microbiome Changes in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) [J]. | Food Frontiers , 2025 , 6 (1) : 248-258 . |
| MLA | Shao, Jianchun et al. "Soybean Glycinin Reduced Growth Performance and Antioxidant Capacity and Caused Intestinal Inflammation and Microbiome Changes in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)" . | Food Frontiers 6 . 1 (2025) : 248-258 . |
| APA | Shao, Jianchun , Li, Zhangqi , You, Haokun , Wang, Dejuan , Zhang, Jiaonan , Wang, Lei et al. Soybean Glycinin Reduced Growth Performance and Antioxidant Capacity and Caused Intestinal Inflammation and Microbiome Changes in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) . | Food Frontiers , 2025 , 6 (1) , 248-258 . |
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As traditional Chinese herbal extracts, Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (APS) and Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE) exhibit multifaceted bioactivities, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, antibacterial activity, and stress resilience. Nevertheless, the synergistic impacts of these two agents in aquatic organisms, particularly in juvenile Larimichthys crocea, have yet to be fully elucidated. Consequently, the present study adopts APS as the foundational component and integrates varying doses of FSE to delve into their combined influence on the growth rates, antioxidant defenses, and inflammatory modulation in these fish juvenile. The control diet lacked APS and FSE supplementation, while the APS diet contained 0.1 % APS, and further gradient additions of 0.05 %, 0.1 %, and 0.15 % FSE to the APS diet were designated as FSE0.05, FSE0.1, and FSE0.15 diets, respectively. The above-mentioned five isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were used in a nutritional feeding experiment for juvenile L. crocea for a period of 8 weeks. Compared to the control, fish administered with FSE0.05 and FSE0.1 diets exhibited marked enhancements in weight gain ratio, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and survival rate, whereas the APS and FSE0.15 groups displayed higher yet statistically insignificant values for these parameters. Additionally, the intestinal morphology remained normal across treatments, with FSE0.05 and FSE0.1 diets enhancing villus length and alpha-amylase, lipase, and trypsin activities significantly compared to control diet, indicating improved intestinal function and digestion. Moreover, the combined use of APS and FSE fortified antioxidant defenses by activating the Nrf2 pathway and boosting antioxidant enzyme levels. By optimizing the combined use of APS and FSE, a promising approach emerges to counter inflammation-induced apoptosis, safeguard fish health by modulating key apoptotic regulators, and elicit anti-inflammatory responses through TLR/MyD88 pathway inhibition. Given the positive impacts on growth and physiological indices, incorporating 0.1 % APS with 0.05 % FSE is recommended for nurturing juvenile L. crocea to enhance growth rates, survival rates, and stress resilience.
Keyword ：
Anti-apoptosis Anti-apoptosis Anti-inflammatory Anti-inflammatory Chinese herbal medicine Chinese herbal medicine Growth promotion Growth promotion Large yellow croaker Large yellow croaker
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhao, Wei , Li, Changqi , Wu, Xiaocen et al. Synergistic effects of dietary Forsythia suspensa extract and Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides on growth enhancement, antioxidant boost, and inflammation alleviation in juvenile Larimichthys crocea [J]. | AQUACULTURE , 2024 , 598 . |
| MLA | Zhao, Wei et al. "Synergistic effects of dietary Forsythia suspensa extract and Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides on growth enhancement, antioxidant boost, and inflammation alleviation in juvenile Larimichthys crocea" . | AQUACULTURE 598 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhao, Wei , Li, Changqi , Wu, Xiaocen , Zhang, Jiaonan , Wang, Lei , Chen, Xinhua et al. Synergistic effects of dietary Forsythia suspensa extract and Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides on growth enhancement, antioxidant boost, and inflammation alleviation in juvenile Larimichthys crocea . | AQUACULTURE , 2024 , 598 . |
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Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (APS) and Eleutherococcus senticosus extract (ESE), both esteemed as traditional Chinese herbal extracts, possess a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and stress-mitigating properties. However, the collaborative effects of these two compounds on aquatic creatures, especially juvenile Larimichthys crocea, have yet to be comprehensively understood. Therefore, this study endeavors to explore the combined influence of APS and ESE on the growth promotion, antioxidant capabilities, and inflammatory response modulation in these juvenile fish. The control diet was devoid of both APS and ESE supplementation, whereas the APS diet incorporated 0.1 % APS. Subsequently, incremental additions of 0.05 %, 0.1 %, and 0.15 % ESE to the APS diet were formulated, designated as the ESE0.05, ESE0.1, and ESE0.15 diets, respectively. The aforementioned five isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were fed to juvenile fish for 8 weeks. Compared to the control group, the APS diet moderately promoted the growth of the juvenile fish. However, when APS was combined with ESE, this effect was surpassed through improved intestinal structure and enhanced digestive enzyme activity, particularly lipase and trypsin. The combination of APS with 0.05 % ESE resulted in optimal growth and feed efficiency. Additionally, the joint application of APS and ESE bolstered the antioxidant defenses in juvenile fish, manifested through heightened antioxidant enzyme activities and diminished malondialdehyde concentrations. The optimized combined application of APS and ESE offers a promising strategy to combat inflammation-induced apoptosis by regulating crucial apoptotic regulators, including suppressing the expression of caspase3, caspase8, caspase9, and Bcl2-associated X protein (bax), while enhancing the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 ( bcl- 2 ). Additionally, it elicits anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of the TLR/MyD88 pathway, thereby safeguarding fish health. Based on the favorable effects observed on growth parameters and physiological indices, a blend of 0.1 % APS and 0.05 % ESE is suggested as an optimal feed additive for rearing juvenile L. crocea, with the aim of promoting enhanced growth rates, survival rates, and stress tolerance.
Keyword ：
Anti-apoptosis Anti-apoptosis Anti-inflammatory Anti-inflammatory Anti-oxidative stress Anti-oxidative stress Chinese herbal medicine Chinese herbal medicine Large yellow croaker Large yellow croaker
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| GB/T 7714 | Shao, Jianchun , Wu, Liwen , Wu, Xiaocen et al. Synergistic benefits of Eleutherococcus senticosus extract and Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides in juvenile Larimichthys crocea: Enhanced growth, amplified antioxidant activity, and reduced inflammation [J]. | AQUACULTURE , 2024 , 598 . |
| MLA | Shao, Jianchun et al. "Synergistic benefits of Eleutherococcus senticosus extract and Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides in juvenile Larimichthys crocea: Enhanced growth, amplified antioxidant activity, and reduced inflammation" . | AQUACULTURE 598 (2024) . |
| APA | Shao, Jianchun , Wu, Liwen , Wu, Xiaocen , Zhang, Jiaonan , Wang, Lei , Chen, Xinhua et al. Synergistic benefits of Eleutherococcus senticosus extract and Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides in juvenile Larimichthys crocea: Enhanced growth, amplified antioxidant activity, and reduced inflammation . | AQUACULTURE , 2024 , 598 . |
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Soybean meal, renowned for its high yield, cost efficiency, and protein richness, serves as a pivotal plant-based alternative to fish meal. However, high soybean meal inclusion in Larimichthys crocea diets is linked to enteritis and oxidative damage, with unknown mechanisms. Our study aims to elucidate the molecular basis of soybean-meal-induced enteritis and its impact on intestinal microbiota in L. crocea. To this end, four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with varying soybean meal levels (0% FM, 15% SBM15, 30% SBM30, and 45% SBM45) were administered to L. crocea for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the SBM30 and SBM45 treatments significantly hindered fish growth, digestive efficiency, and protein utilization. Furthermore, high soybean meal levels (SBM30 and SBM45) activated intestinal Toll-like receptors (TLR2A, TLR2B, TLR5, and TLR22), stimulating C-Rel and mTOR protein expression and elevating ERK phosphorylation. This led to increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-4/13A, IL-4/13B, and TGF-beta), suggesting a potential signaling pathway for soybean-meal-induced enteritis. Furthermore, enteritis induced by high soybean meal levels led to oxidative damage, evident from increased MDA levels and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT). The SBM30 and SBM45 treatments increased Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes abundance in fish gut microbiota, while Proteobacteria abundance decreased. This microbiota shift may enhance soybean meal nutrient utilization, yet high soybean meal concentrations still impair growth. A soybean-meal-rich diet promotes harmful bacteria like Rhodococcus and depletes probiotics like Ralstonia, increasing disease risks. L. crocea has limited tolerance for soybean meal, necessitating advanced processing to mitigate anti-nutritional factors. Ultimately, exploring alternative protein sources beyond soybean meal for fish meal replacement is optimal for L. crocea.
Keyword ：
enteritis enteritis gut microbiota gut microbiota Larimichthys crocea Larimichthys crocea oxidative damage oxidative damage vegetable protein vegetable protein
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| GB/T 7714 | Zheng, Lei , Zeng, Chao , Zhu, Wanqin et al. TLR2/TLR5 Signaling and Gut Microbiota Mediate Soybean-Meal-Induced Enteritis and Declined Growth and Antioxidant Capabilities in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) [J]. | JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING , 2024 , 12 (11) . |
| MLA | Zheng, Lei et al. "TLR2/TLR5 Signaling and Gut Microbiota Mediate Soybean-Meal-Induced Enteritis and Declined Growth and Antioxidant Capabilities in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)" . | JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 12 . 11 (2024) . |
| APA | Zheng, Lei , Zeng, Chao , Zhu, Wanqin , Zhang, Jiaonan , Wang, Lei , Shao, Jianchun et al. TLR2/TLR5 Signaling and Gut Microbiota Mediate Soybean-Meal-Induced Enteritis and Declined Growth and Antioxidant Capabilities in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) . | JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING , 2024 , 12 (11) . |
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A 6-week feeding strategy experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of time-dependent protein restriction and subsequent recovery on shrimp. Diets with protein levels of 43 and 36% were used as adequate and restricted diets, respectively. Shrimp with an initial body weight of 6.52 +/- 0.46 g were given four feeding strategies: feeding on an adequate diet for six weeks (T1, the control), having protein-restricted diet in weeks 1 and 4 (T2), being given a protein-restricted diet in weeks 1, 3, and 5 (T3), and having protein-restricted diet in weeks 1, 2, 4, and 5 (T4). WG, SGR, FE, and PER of shrimp in T1-T3 showed no significant difference (P > 0.05), these indicators of T4 were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in digestive enzyme activities of shrimp among all treatments (P > 0.05). Crude protein content of shrimp muscle in T4 was lower than that of T1-T3. The expression level of tor in T4 was lower than that in other treatments, while 4e-bp was higher than that of other treatments. To balance saving on feeding cost and growth performance, giving the shrimp a protein-restricted diet for 1 week with subsequent refeeding (T2 and T3) is suitable for shrimp under high-density conditions.
Keyword ：
digestibility digestibility feeding strategy feeding strategy growth performance growth performance Litopenaeus vannamei Litopenaeus vannamei mTOR signaling pathway mTOR signaling pathway protein restriction protein restriction
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhao, Wei , Luo, Hongjie , Zhu, Wanqing et al. Effects of Time-Dependent Protein Restriction on Growth Performance, Digestibility, and mTOR Signaling Pathways in Juvenile White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei [J]. | FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY , 2021 , 12 . |
| MLA | Zhao, Wei et al. "Effects of Time-Dependent Protein Restriction on Growth Performance, Digestibility, and mTOR Signaling Pathways in Juvenile White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei" . | FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY 12 (2021) . |
| APA | Zhao, Wei , Luo, Hongjie , Zhu, Wanqing , Yuan, Xiaoqin , Shao, Jianchun . Effects of Time-Dependent Protein Restriction on Growth Performance, Digestibility, and mTOR Signaling Pathways in Juvenile White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei . | FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY , 2021 , 12 . |
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This study investigated the effects of cyclical fasting and refeeding on growth performance, digestibility, muscle composition and mTOR signaling pathway of Penaeus vannamei. Three feeding strategies were designed: feeding everyday of a week (control); fasting one day and refeeding six days of a week (F1), fasting two days and refeeding five days of a week (F2). Shrimp with initial body weight of 6.52 +/- 0.46 g was used for feeding strategy experiments. The stocking density was 20 shrimps (130.4 g biomass) per 100 L seawater. There were no significant differences in growth performance (final weight, weight gain and specific growth ratio), muscle composition (moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash contents) and digestive enzyme activity (trypsin, alpha-amylase and lipase) among three treatments (P 0.05). However, survival rate of control treatment was significantly higher than that of F1 and F2 treatments (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency (FE) of shrimp in F1 and F2 treatments were higher than that of shrimp in control treatments. The expression level of trypsin in F1 and F2 treatments were significantly up-regulated than that of control treatment (P < 0.05). Both tor and s6k expression levels of F1 and F2 treatments were up-regulated than those of control treatment. These results suggest that the compensatory growth response of shrimp caused by starvation and refeeding may be attributed to the high feed efficiency after starvation and refeeding or the cannibalism caused by starvation, which provides a better source of protein for shrimp and promotes the growth performance of shrimp. However, considering the low survival rate, cyclical fasting and refeeding is not an advisable feeding strategy for P. vannamei.
Keyword ：
Compensatory growth Compensatory growth Feeding strategy Feeding strategy Growth performance Growth performance mTOR signaling pathway mTOR signaling pathway Penaeus vannamei Penaeus vannamei
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| GB/T 7714 | Shao, Jian-Chun , Zhu, Wan-Qing , Liu, Mei et al. Cyclical fasting and refeeding is not an advisable feeding strategy for white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) [J]. | AQUACULTURE REPORTS , 2020 , 18 . |
| MLA | Shao, Jian-Chun et al. "Cyclical fasting and refeeding is not an advisable feeding strategy for white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)" . | AQUACULTURE REPORTS 18 (2020) . |
| APA | Shao, Jian-Chun , Zhu, Wan-Qing , Liu, Mei , Wang, Lei , Zhao, Wei . Cyclical fasting and refeeding is not an advisable feeding strategy for white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) . | AQUACULTURE REPORTS , 2020 , 18 . |
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