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学者姓名：任国平
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Abstract ：
Bio-hydrovoltaic systems, which leverage the energy embedded in water's natural processes, present a promising avenue for sustainable energy production. Despite notable advances in non-living hydrovoltaic systems, research into biological materials remains relatively underdeveloped, leaving their unique advantages and long-term reliability potential largely untapped. This Review presents a comprehensive synthesis of progress in the field, with a particular focus on the evolution from non-living to living hydrovoltaic systems, and a precise articulation of their conceptual boundaries. We underscore a shift from structure-oriented material engineering toward biofunction-enabled energy conversion-a transition that enables breakthroughs in power output, system durability and environmental adaptability. Through systematic comparisons of mechanisms, biomaterial sources, performance metrics and emerging application scenarios, we identify current bottlenecks and propose targeted strategies. In light of recent trends, living hydrovoltaic systems hold particular promise as a forward-looking direction, offering a transformative platform for future hydrovoltaic internet, intelligence and ecological integration at scale. This Review delineates the conceptual and material transition from non-living to living hydrovoltaic systems, establishing bio-hydrovoltaics as a frontier in sustainable energy conversion from water.
Keyword ：
bio-hydrovoltaic bio-hydrovoltaic biomaterials biomaterials hydrovoltaic effect hydrovoltaic effect living hydrovoltaic living hydrovoltaic non-living hydrovoltaic non-living hydrovoltaic
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| GB/T 7714 | Hu, Qichang , Lin, Xiuyu , Ren, Guoping et al. Bio-hydrovoltaic technology: advancing from non-living to living hydrovoltaic systems [J]. | NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW , 2025 , 12 (11) . |
| MLA | Hu, Qichang et al. "Bio-hydrovoltaic technology: advancing from non-living to living hydrovoltaic systems" . | NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW 12 . 11 (2025) . |
| APA | Hu, Qichang , Lin, Xiuyu , Ren, Guoping , Zhou, Shungui . Bio-hydrovoltaic technology: advancing from non-living to living hydrovoltaic systems . | NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW , 2025 , 12 (11) . |
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Phototrophy and chemotrophy are two dominant types of microbial metabolism.However,to date,the potential of the ubiquitous and versatile mechanical energy as a renewable energy source to drive the growth of microorganisms has remained unknown and not utilized.Here,we present evidence in favor of a previously unidentified metabolic pathway,in which the electronic energy produced from mechanical energy by the piezoelectric materials is used to support the growth of microorganisms.When electroactive microorganism Rhodopseudomonas palustris(R.palustris;with barium titanate nanoparticles)was mechanically stirred,a powerful biohybrid piezoelectric effect(BPE)enabled sustain-able carbon fixation coupled with nitrate reduction.Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that mechanical stirring of the bacteria-barium titanate biohybrid led to upregulation of genes encoding functions involved in electron and energy transfer in R.palustris.Studies with other electroactive microorganisms suggested that the ability of microbes to utilize BPE may be a common phenomenon in the microbial world.Taken together,these findings imply a long-neglected and potentially important microbial metabolic pathway,with potential importance to microbial survival in the energy-limited environments.
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| GB/T 7714 | Guoping Ren , Jie Ye , Lu Liu et al. Mechanical Energy Drives the Growth and Carbon Fixation of Electroactive Microorganisms [J]. | 工程（英文） , 2025 , 47 (4) : 194-203 . |
| MLA | Guoping Ren et al. "Mechanical Energy Drives the Growth and Carbon Fixation of Electroactive Microorganisms" . | 工程（英文） 47 . 4 (2025) : 194-203 . |
| APA | Guoping Ren , Jie Ye , Lu Liu , Andong Hu , Kenneth H.Nealson , Christopher Rensing et al. Mechanical Energy Drives the Growth and Carbon Fixation of Electroactive Microorganisms . | 工程（英文） , 2025 , 47 (4) , 194-203 . |
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蒸发诱导发电（evaporation-induced electricity）是一种利用水蒸发产生电能的水伏技术,凭借其高度自发且可持续产电的能力受到广泛关注.水凝胶具有丰富的亲水官能团与良好的水分传输性能,被认为是极具潜力的蒸发发电功能材料.然而,传统水凝胶的制备通常需加热或紫外诱导聚合,过程复杂且费时,严重制约了水凝胶基水伏技术的实际应用.在此,本文以硫还原地杆菌（Geobacter sulfurreducens,G.s）为模式微生物,在室温下诱导纳米纤维素与聚丙烯酰胺大分子链快速聚合,1 min内合成水伏性能优异的生物凝胶膜.这归因于G.s中丰富的还原性官能团自发与S
Keyword ：
微生物诱导 微生物诱导 水蒸发发电 水蒸发发电 生物凝胶膜 生物凝胶膜 自由基聚合 自由基聚合
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| GB/T 7714 | 洪铭秋 , 任国平 , 胡启昌 et al. 生物凝胶膜的室温快速聚合及其水伏发电功效 [J]. | 中国科学:技术科学 , 2025 , 55 (01) : 104-114 . |
| MLA | 洪铭秋 et al. "生物凝胶膜的室温快速聚合及其水伏发电功效" . | 中国科学:技术科学 55 . 01 (2025) : 104-114 . |
| APA | 洪铭秋 , 任国平 , 胡启昌 , 叶捷 , 周顺桂 . 生物凝胶膜的室温快速聚合及其水伏发电功效 . | 中国科学:技术科学 , 2025 , 55 (01) , 104-114 . |
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Abstract ：
Phototrophy and chemotrophy are two dominant types of microbial metabolism. However, to date, the potential of the ubiquitous and versatile mechanical energy as a renewable energy source to drive the growth of microorganisms has remained unknown and not utilized. Here, we present evidence in favor of a previously unidentified metabolic pathway, in which the electronic energy produced from mechanical energy by the piezoelectric materials is used to support the growth of microorganisms. When electroactive microorganism Rhodopseudomonas palustris (R. palustris; with barium titanate nanoparticles) was mechanically stirred, a powerful biohybrid piezoelectric effect (BPE) enabled sustainable carbon fixation coupled with nitrate reduction. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that mechanical stirring of the bacteria-barium titanate biohybrid led to upregulation of genes encoding functions involved in electron and energy transfer in R. palustris. Studies with other electroactive microorganisms suggested that the ability of microbes to utilize BPE may be a common phenomenon in the microbial world. Taken together, these findings imply a long-neglected and potentially important microbial metabolic pathway, with potential importance to microbial survival in the energy-limited environments. (c) 2024 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier LTD on behalf of Chinese Academy of Engineering and Higher Education Press Limited Company. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Keyword ：
Biohybrid piezoelectric effect Biohybrid piezoelectric effect Carbon fixation Carbon fixation Mechanical energy Mechanical energy Microbial metabolism Microbial metabolism Nitrate reduction Nitrate reduction
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| GB/T 7714 | Ren, Guoping , Ye, Jie , Liu, Lu et al. Mechanical Energy Drives the Growth and Carbon Fixation of Electroactive Microorganisms [J]. | ENGINEERING , 2025 , 47 : 194-203 . |
| MLA | Ren, Guoping et al. "Mechanical Energy Drives the Growth and Carbon Fixation of Electroactive Microorganisms" . | ENGINEERING 47 (2025) : 194-203 . |
| APA | Ren, Guoping , Ye, Jie , Liu, Lu , Hu, Andong , Nealson, Kenneth H. , Rensing, Christopher et al. Mechanical Energy Drives the Growth and Carbon Fixation of Electroactive Microorganisms . | ENGINEERING , 2025 , 47 , 194-203 . |
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Evaporation-induced electricity is a hydrovoltaic technology that uses water evaporation to generate electricity, and has attracted attention due to its highly self-generating and sustainable electricity production capability. Hydrogels, which are rich in hydrophilic functional groups and have good water transport properties, are considered as promising functional materials for evaporation-induced electricity generation. However, the preparation of traditional hydrogels usually requires heating or ultraviolet-induced polymerization, which is a complicated and time-consuming process, severely limiting the practical application of hydrogel-based hydrovoltaic technology. Herein, Geobacter sulfurreducens (G. s) was used as a model microorganism to induce the rapid polymerization of nanocellulose and polyacrylamide macromolecular chains at room temperature, which resulted in the synthesis of a biohydrogel film with excellent performance within one minute. The abundance of reducing functional groups in G. s reacted with S2O82− in a spontaneous redox reaction, releasing heat and free radicals, which accelerated the polymerization reaction. Owing to the excellent electrical conductivity of G. s, the G. s biohydrogel film has both excellent charge transfer capability and mechanical properties, which is beneficial for the application of aqueous hydrovoltaic devices. The evaporation generator assembled by G. s biohydrogel film can output ~13 μA of current for a long time, which can be used to power small electronic devices. In conclusion, the present study provides an energy-saving, simple, and rapid method for the preparation of biohydrogel film, which provides a new choice for the key functional materials of hydrovoltaic technology and practical application. © 2025 Science Press. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Acoustic surface wave filters Acoustic surface wave filters Atom transfer radical polymerization Atom transfer radical polymerization Cells Cells Circuit oscillations Circuit oscillations Electric conductivity Electric conductivity Electrospinning Electrospinning Film preparation Film preparation Microwave antennas Microwave antennas Microwave filters Microwave filters Photoelectricity Photoelectricity Redox reactions Redox reactions Signal receivers Signal receivers Textile classing Textile classing Variable frequency oscillators Variable frequency oscillators
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| GB/T 7714 | Hong, MingQiu , Ren, GuoPing , Hu, QiChang et al. Rapid room-temperature preparation and hydrovoltaic application of biohydrogel [J]. | Scientia Sinica Technologica , 2025 , 55 (1) : 104-114 . |
| MLA | Hong, MingQiu et al. "Rapid room-temperature preparation and hydrovoltaic application of biohydrogel" . | Scientia Sinica Technologica 55 . 1 (2025) : 104-114 . |
| APA | Hong, MingQiu , Ren, GuoPing , Hu, QiChang , Ye, Jie , Zhou, ShunGui . Rapid room-temperature preparation and hydrovoltaic application of biohydrogel . | Scientia Sinica Technologica , 2025 , 55 (1) , 104-114 . |
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同时收集环境水分和太阳能中潜能实现全天候产电是应对能源短缺的重要研究方向,但仍面临巨大挑战.目前,大多数研究依赖复杂的自组装过程制备复合功能材料,存在成本高、发电效率低等问题.受自然界藻类光合作用能够同时利用水分和太阳能这一现象启发,本研究首次提出了一种基于天然蓝藻（Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803）生物膜且构造简单的水伏-光伏耦合发电机,其无需额外添加光敏材料,兼具水伏-光伏的本征特性.研究结果表明,该发电机白天可利用光伏效应和水伏效应耦合发电,夜间则依靠水伏效应产电,从而实现全天候持续发电.基于水伏-光伏的协同增益,器件的最高开路电压可达0.52 V,短路电流为0.57μA,水伏-光伏耦合条件下的功率密度为1.7×10
Keyword ：
全天候持续产电 全天候持续产电 水伏-光伏耦合发电机 水伏-光伏耦合发电机 水伏发电 水伏发电 湿气发电 湿气发电 蓝藻生物膜 蓝藻生物膜
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| GB/T 7714 | 申湘 , 林秀钰 , 陈钧 et al. 基于蓝藻生物膜的水伏-光伏耦合发电机 [J]. | 中国科学:技术科学 , 2025 , 55 (03) : 451-461 . |
| MLA | 申湘 et al. "基于蓝藻生物膜的水伏-光伏耦合发电机" . | 中国科学:技术科学 55 . 03 (2025) : 451-461 . |
| APA | 申湘 , 林秀钰 , 陈钧 , 任国平 , 胡启昌 , 周顺桂 . 基于蓝藻生物膜的水伏-光伏耦合发电机 . | 中国科学:技术科学 , 2025 , 55 (03) , 451-461 . |
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Filamentous cable bacteria are capable of centimeter-scale long-distance electron transport and play crucial roles in the biogeochemistry of aquatic sediments. However, the mechanisms underlying long-distance electron transport remain incompletely understood. This study reports dynamic contacts between separate filaments of cable bacteria, enabling them to relay electrons between sulfidic and oxic zones. Video microscopy of motile filaments in a microchamber slide setup revealed that some filaments did not fully bridge the gap between the sulfidic and oxic zone, but made transient contact with each other. Contacts were always end-to-end and often occurred repeatedly, in which filaments always followed the same trajectory back and forth. The contact frequency gradually increased over the first 20 days, and then declined afterwards. About 5.5% of cable bacterium filaments were observed to engage in contact events during a 2-hour observation window on day 20. Confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of extracellular polymer substance trails between filaments, which appear to guide consecutive end-to-end contacts. In situ Raman spectroscopy showed that connections enabled redox continuity between reduced and oxidized filaments, thus suggesting inter-filament electron transfer during physical contact. This inter-filament electron transport represents a novel type of microbial cooperation, and appears to be a strategy for establishing optimal connections between spatially separated electron donors and acceptors in a dynamic sedimentary environment.
Keyword ：
cable bacteria cable bacteria cooperative behavior cooperative behavior electromicrobiology electromicrobiology electron transport electron transport Raman spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang Rong , Zhang Xiaoxue , Huang Linyan et al. End-to-end contact enables long-distance electron transport between filaments in cable bacteria. [J]. | The ISME journal , 2025 , 19 (1) . |
| MLA | Tang Rong et al. "End-to-end contact enables long-distance electron transport between filaments in cable bacteria." . | The ISME journal 19 . 1 (2025) . |
| APA | Tang Rong , Zhang Xiaoxue , Huang Linyan , Ren Guoping , Ye Yin , Yuan Yong et al. End-to-end contact enables long-distance electron transport between filaments in cable bacteria. . | The ISME journal , 2025 , 19 (1) . |
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水伏发电作为一种新兴的绿色能源技术,可从自然界无处不在的水运动中捕获电能,具有广泛的应用前景.其中,水蒸发发电技术因其性能稳定、输出持续、应用场景广泛而备受关注.受睡莲“吸水(根)-传输(茎)-蒸发(叶)”生物结构的启发,本研究以常见的滤纸、铅笔以及自然广泛存在的微生物为原材料,通过简单的折纸、绘画、贴膜构建了可漂浮的极简水伏发电机(minimalist hydrovoltaic generator).在仿生结构中,水运动是由滤纸条将底部的水分吸收并由其内部的毛细管道进行传输,再通过膜顶部的蒸发实现.最大电压可达0.58 V,持续产电时间超过6天且不衰减.相较于传统的斜插式水蒸发发电装置,此极简水伏发电机以滤纸内部丰富的毛细管为吸水通道,任意折纸造型为水传输和蒸发基底,铅笔中的碳为电极材料,实现稳定持续的电功率输出,为野外的电子设备持续供电,具有环境友好、成本低廉、制造简易、负碳排放等优点.本研究为便携式水伏发电机的实际应用提供了理论支持,对全球碳中和与绿色能源技术的发展具有重要意义.
Keyword ：
仿生 仿生 微生物膜 微生物膜 折纸 折纸 水蒸发发电 水蒸发发电 铅绘电极 铅绘电极
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| GB/T 7714 | 洪铭秋 , 任国平 , 胡启昌 et al. 基于仿生毛细管折纸设计的极简水伏发电机 [J]. | 中国科学:技术科学 , 2024 , 54 (07) : 1347-1356 . |
| MLA | 洪铭秋 et al. "基于仿生毛细管折纸设计的极简水伏发电机" . | 中国科学:技术科学 54 . 07 (2024) : 1347-1356 . |
| APA | 洪铭秋 , 任国平 , 胡启昌 , 叶文媛 , 叶捷 , 周顺桂 . 基于仿生毛细管折纸设计的极简水伏发电机 . | 中国科学:技术科学 , 2024 , 54 (07) , 1347-1356 . |
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Abiotic CH4 production driven by Fenton-type reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been confirmed to be an indispensable component of the atmospheric CH4 budget. While the chemical reactions independent of Fenton chemistry to ROS are ubiquitous in nature, it remains unknown whether the produced ROS can drive abiotic CH4 production. Here, we first demonstrated the abiotic CH4 production at the soil-water interface under illumination. Leveraging this finding, polymeric carbon nitrides (CNx) as a typical analogue of natural geobattery material and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a natural methyl donor were used to unravel the underlying mechanisms. We revealed that the ROS, photocatalytically produced by CNx, can oxidize DMSO into CH4 with a high selectivity of 91.5 %. Such an abiotic CH4 production process was further expanded to various non-Fenton-type reaction systems, such as electrocatalysis, pyrocatalysis and sonocatalysis. This work provides insights into the geochemical cycle of abiotic CH4, and offers a new route to CH4 production via integrated energy development.
Keyword ：
abiotic methanogenesis abiotic methanogenesis CH4 geochemical cycle CH4 geochemical cycle non-Fenton-type ROS non-Fenton-type ROS photocatalysis photocatalysis soil-water interface soil-water interface
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| GB/T 7714 | Ye, Jie , Hu, Andong , Gao, Chao et al. Abiotic Methane Production Driven by Ubiquitous Non-Fenton-Type Reactive Oxygen Species [J]. | ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION , 2024 , 63 (20) . |
| MLA | Ye, Jie et al. "Abiotic Methane Production Driven by Ubiquitous Non-Fenton-Type Reactive Oxygen Species" . | ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION 63 . 20 (2024) . |
| APA | Ye, Jie , Hu, Andong , Gao, Chao , Li, Fengqi , Li, Lei , Guo, Yulin et al. Abiotic Methane Production Driven by Ubiquitous Non-Fenton-Type Reactive Oxygen Species . | ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION , 2024 , 63 (20) . |
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It has been previously shown that devices based on microbial biofilms can generate hydrovoltaic energy from water evaporation. However, the potential of hydrovoltaic energy as an energy source for microbial growth has remained unexplored. Here, we show that the electroautotrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris can directly utilize evaporation-induced hydrovoltaic electrons for growth within biofilms through extracellular electron uptake, with a strong reliance on carbon fixation coupled with nitrate reduction. We obtained similar results with two other electroautotrophic bacterial species. Although the energy conversion efficiency for microbial growth based on hydrovoltaic energy is low compared to other processes such as photosynthesis, we hypothesize that hydrovoltaic energy may potentially contribute to microbial survival and growth in energy-limited environments, given the ubiquity of microbial biofilms and water evaporation conditions. Devices based on microbial biofilms can be used to generate hydrovoltaic energy from water evaporation. Here, Ren et al. show that, in addition, electroautotrophic bacteria can use evaporation-induced hydrovoltaic electrons for growth in biofilms.
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| GB/T 7714 | Ren, Guoping , Ye, Jie , Hu, Qichang et al. Growth of electroautotrophic microorganisms using hydrovoltaic energy through natural water evaporation [J]. | NATURE COMMUNICATIONS , 2024 , 15 (1) . |
| MLA | Ren, Guoping et al. "Growth of electroautotrophic microorganisms using hydrovoltaic energy through natural water evaporation" . | NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 15 . 1 (2024) . |
| APA | Ren, Guoping , Ye, Jie , Hu, Qichang , Zhang, Dong , Yuan, Yong , Zhou, Shungui . Growth of electroautotrophic microorganisms using hydrovoltaic energy through natural water evaporation . | NATURE COMMUNICATIONS , 2024 , 15 (1) . |
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